GIFT  OF 
William  R,  Daingerfielc 


THE   STANDARD   SERIES 

ESPERANTO   AT  A 
GLANCE 

The  International  Language 
History,  Grammar,  and  Vocabulary 

BY 

EDMOND   PRIVAT 


*  *  To  each  nation  its  national  language^  and 
to   humanity    its   international    language^ ^ 


New  York  CtycAGO        Toronto 

Fleming  H.   Revell   Company 

LoNHON  AND  Edinburgh 


ESPERANTO 

TRANSLATIONS 


FICTION,  ROMANCE, 

SONGS,         COMEDY.         DRAMA 

FAIRY  TALES.  CLASSICS. 

POETRY.  ETC. 

COMMERCIAL  LETTERS,  SINTAX 

SHORTHAND.  ETC. 

Anderson's  Feiry  Tales  in  Esperanto,    .    .   .  Net  .45 

Imenlago.     German  Novel  of  the  Storm,  tr. 

by  Bader, Net  .25 

La  Taraono.     Polish  romance,  tr.  by  Kabe,  Net  .  60 

Angla  Lingvo  sen  Profesoro.    Comedy  from 

Bernard,  tr.  by  Moch,    ........  Net  .30 

Onklo  Kiel.  Nevo.     Comedy  from  Schiller, 

tr.  by  Stewart,      •    .  ...      Net  .25 

Pilgrim's  Progress,  by  John  Bunyan.    Esper- 
anto translation,  Rhodes,  •      Net  .60 

Fundamental   Grammar  and   Dictionary  in 

Five  Languages.     Dr.  Zamenhof,      .    .  Net  .90 

Universala  Vortaro.     Zamenhof, Net  .30 

Hamlet — Shakespeare.    Zamenhof, Net  .60 

La  Revizoro.     Drama.     Zamenhof,   ....  Net  .45 

The  Book  of  Ecclesiastes  (from  Old  Testa- 
ment Scriptures),  tr.  by  Zamenhof,  .    .  Net  .25 

Flemish  Stories.      Net  .45 

Shorthand  Textbook, ,    .  Net  .30 

Grimm's  Fairy  Tales.     Kabe,  .......  Net  .60 

Intemacia  Krestomatto  (i^nthology).    Kabe,  Net    40 

La  Vojo.    Song  in  Esperanto, Net  .15 


ESPERANTO  AT  A 
GLANCE 

The  International  Language 
History,  Grammar,  and  Vocabulary 


BY 

EDMOND   PRIVAT 


**  To  each  nation  its  national  language^  and 
to   humanity   its   international   language'''' 


New  York         Chicago        Toronto 

Fleming  H.  Revell   Company 

London  and  Edinburgh 


Copyright,.  1908, 
By   EDMOND    PRIVAT 


O  \      ^ 


Qi 


THE   QUINN    &   BODEN    CO.    PRESS 
BAHWAY,    N.    J. 


LA  HIMNO  "ESPERO'' 

En  la  mondon  venis  nova  sento, 
Tra  la  mondo  iras  forta  voko; 
Per  flugiloj  de  facila  vento 
Nun  de  loko  flugu  gi  al  loko. 

Ne  al  glavo  sangon  soifanta 
Oci  la  homan  tiras  familion: 
Al  la  mond'  eterne  militanta 
Gi  promesas  sanktan  harmonion. 

Sub  la  sankta  signo  de  V  espero 
Kolektigas  pacaj  batalantoj, 
Kaj  rapide  kreskas  la  afero 
Per  laboro  de  la  esperanto j. 

Forte  star  as  muroj  de  mil  j  arc  j 
Inter  la  popoloj  dividitaj ; 
Sed  dissaltos  la  obstinaj  baroj 
Per  la  sankta  amo  disbatitaj. 

Sur  neutrala  lingva  fundamento, 
Komprenante  unu  la  alian. 
La  popoloj  faros  en  konsento 
Unu  grandan  rondon  familian. 

Nia  diligenta  kolegaro 
En  laboro  paca  ne  laeigos, 
Otis  la  bela  songo  de  1'  homaro 
Por  eterna  ben'  efektivigos. 

D^-  L.  L.  Zamenhof. 


M51389 


/t^'^lJunlntemahonal  Language  Required?.  -'  ''■  •     '  ^    ' 

Such  a  question,  said  Unuel,  will  seejn  to  our  '  : '^  :•,  | .'  /_ 
grandsons  as  stupid  as  would  now  weein  co  UjS  a 
question  like  this :  Is  a  postal  service  required  ? 

Any  one  who  has  any  relations  with  foreign 
countries  and  peoples  knows  how  tedious  is  the 
diversity  of  languages  in  the  world,  with  all  the  dis- 
advantages and  losses  of  time  or  money  it  causes. 
Nobody  now  thinks  of  destroying  the  national 
languages  and  obliging  all  men  on  earth  to 
speak  one  same  universal  language;  but  many 
think  that  nobody  will  complain  when  one  day,  in 
the  schools  of  all  countries,  the  children  will  learn, 
besides  their  native  tongue,  a  practical  and  easy 
international  language  which  will  give  them  ac- 
cess to  the  whole  world. 

That  is  what  many  men  have  been  working  for 
during  recent  centuries.  Some  people  thought 
that  it  would  be  possible  some  day  to  convoke  a 
kind  of  Hague  Conference,  which  would  choose  as 
officially  international  one  of  the  existing  lan- 
guages— as,  for  instance,  English,  French,  or  Ger- 
man. But  they  soon  understood  that  the  different 
7 


8  ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

nations  never  could  agree  to  give  to  one  of  them 
such  an  advantage,  which  would  be  an  enormous  in- 
justice to  all  the  others.  Besides,  our  languages  are 
always  difficult  for  foreign  people  to  learn  and  are 
full  of  irregularities,  exceptions,  and  complicated 
idioms,  ."w^hich  must  not,  or  should  not,  exist  in  an 
ittet-naticitial  language. 

Why  -ifvi'  Use  Greek  or  Latin  9 

Both  these  languages  are  taught  in  the  colleges 
of  all  countries,  and  were,  the  latter  twenty 
centuries  ago  and  the  former  five  centuries 
ago,  the  international  languages  of  the  Old 
World.  Many  scholars  thought  of  reviving  them 
for  this  use,  but  that  always  was  a  vain  dream. 
They  are  so  difficult  that  only  a  very  few  specialists 
Bucceed  in  knowing  them  thoroughly  after  years 
and  years  of  study;  and  it  is  quite  impossible  to 
express  by  them  half  of  our  modern  ideas,  for 
they  are  languages  of  olden  times.  How  could 
you  speak  of  "electro-mechanical"  in  Latin?  One 
ought  to  renovate  the  whole  vocabulary  and  sim- 
plify the  whole  grammar  to  make  them  fit  for  use. 
Then,  instead  of  spoiling  the  native  tongue  of 
Sophocles  or  Horace,  why  not  make  another  lan- 
guage especially  prepared  for  its  modern  use, 
"which  could  be  made  much  more  simple,  perfect, 
rich,  and  flexible  than  any  existing  language" 
(Max  Muller)  ? 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  9 

'Artificial  Languages. 

Since  Leibnitz  many  philosophers  have  tried  to 
compose  systems  of  artificial  world-languages,  but 
these  were  always  theoretical  and  impractical  pro- 
jects. Some  thirty  years  ago  the  "Volapiik"  of 
Abbe  Schleyer  had  a  momentary  success  in  the 
whole  world,  and  gave  the  first  proof  of  the  possi- 
bility of  such  a  language;  but  the  system  was  too 
difficult,  too  artificial,  and  did  not  pay  enough  at- 
tention to  the  existing  languages  and  their  modern 
evolution.  Volapuk  had  no  internal  life,  and 
after  some  years  it  died,  while  its  adepts  were 
fighting  with  each  other  about  changing  the  lan- 
guage or  were  in  great  numbers  taking  up  the  new 
system  known  as  Esperanto. 

Zamenhofs  Work. 

Esperanto  was  created  by  Dr.  L.  L.  Zamenhof, 
a  Polish  oculist,  who  was  born  at  Bielostok,  Eussia, 
in  1859.  Polish,  Eussian,  German,  and  Yiddish 
were  spoken  together  in  his  native  city.  The  strug- 
gles, often  sanguinary,  among  these  diverse- 
tongued  peoples,  led  him  to  devote  his  entire  spare 
time  to  the  creation  of  a  neutral  language,  which 
would  foster  peaceful  relations  between  the  differ- 
ent nations. 

He  began  the  work  when  he  was  a  schoolboy  and 
published  his  first  grammar,  when  he  was  28  years 
old,  under  the  name  of  ^'Doktoro  Esperanto"  (The 


10  ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE    . 

Hoping  Doctor).  That  was  in  l^^  and  since 
then  the  language  has  made  a  slow  but  sure  progress 
throughout  the  world  during  a  period  of  fifteen 
years;  while  its  best  adepts  gave  the  language  its 
basis  and  the  first  masterpieces  of  a  very  solid  and 
living  literature. 

In  1902,  the  public  began  to  understand  what 
the  progress  of  Esperanto  was  teaching  them,  and 
then  started  the  general  movement,  which  is  now 
everywhere  prevalent,  to  introduce  Esperanto  into 
the  public  schools  and  into  commerce  and  the 
sciences. 

The  Structure  of  Esperanto. 

Dr.  Zamenhof  did  not  really  make  an  arti- 
ficial language,  but  a  sort  of  synthesis  of  our 
principal  modern  languages.  He  chose  for  the 
vocabulary  of  his  language  the  most  international 
roots. 

Such  words  as  telefono,  telegrafo,  teatro,  arto^ 
muziko,  onMo,  suTccesi,  miraklo,  etc.,  which  form 
the  majority  in  Esperanto,  belong  to  almost  all  our 
modern  languages,  and  the  other  words — as,  for 
instance,  trinki,  varma,  hluxi,  tempo,  glaso,  granda, 
tablo,  inko,  tago,  lerni,  etc. — always  belong  to  two 
or  three  of  our  great  languages.  Such  a  basis 
makes  Esperanto  a  Latin-Germanic  language, 
which  English  is  also. 

To  aid  in  more  easily  acquiring  the  vocabulary, 


ESPEKANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  11 

Dr.  Zamenhof  established  regularly  what  exists 
irregularly  in  our  languages — a  system  of  pre- 
fixes and  suffixes  by  which  many  words  are  formed 
from  the  same  root.  For  instance,  mal-  denotes 
the  contrary:  varma,  warm,  malvarma,  cold;  kon- 
tenta,  pleased,  malkontenta,  displeased;  fermi,  to 
shut,  malfermi,  to  open,  etc.  -isto  denotes  the 
profession  or  occupation:  arto,  artisto;  muzilco, 
muziJcisto;  pordo,  door,  pordisto,  doorkeeper,  etc. 
-INO  denotes  the  female:  onJclo,  uncle,  onklino, 
aunt;  aktoro,  actor,  aktorino,  actress;  nevo, 
nephew,  nevino,  niece,  etc.  -ema  denotes  the  pro- 
pensity or  disposition:  kredi,  to  believe,  kredema, 
credulous;  paroli,  to  talk,  parolema,  talkative; 
mokiy  to  mock,  mokema,  mocking,  etc.  As  for  the 
grammar.  Dr.  Zamenhof  made  it  as  simple  as  pos- 
sible, clear,  logical,  without  any  of  the  exceptions 
or  irregular  verbs  which  make  our  languages  so 
complicated.  Substantives  always  end  in  o,  ad- 
jectives in  A,  adverbs  in  e,  present  tense  in  as, 
past  in  IS,  future  in  os,  and  so  forth.  Parolo, 
speech;  parola,  oral;  parole,  orally;  mi  parolas, 
I  speak;  vi  parolis,  you  spoke;  Hi  parolos,  they  will 
speak. 

The  language  is  absolutely  phonetic,  and  each 
word  is  written  as  it  is  pronounced.  The  sounds 
of  the  different  letters  are  almost  the  same  as  in 
Latin  or  Italian.  Esperanto  spoken  sounds  very 
harmonious  and  is  easily  pronounced  by  all  the  dif- 


12  ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

ferent  nationalities.  In  the  universal  Esperanto 
Congresses,  where  every  year  about  two  thousand 
people  from  more  than  thirty  different  countries 
all  over  the  world  meet,  it  is  found  very  difficult 
to  recognize  the  different  nationalities,  so  imper- 
ceptible are  the  slight  differences  of  pronuncia- 
tion. 

The  Progress  of  Esperanto. 

For  twenty-one  years  Esperanto  has  been  used 
by  many  thousands  throughout  various  countries 
for  their  international  relations;  and  one  of  the 
principal  causes  of  its  actual,  rapid  success  is  the 
fact  that  it  is  not  a  new  project  in  which  people  do 
not  know  whether  to  have  faith  or  not,  but  a 
tried  language  that  has  been  used  for  a  long 
time,  that  has  its  internal  life,  its  own  litera- 
ture, and  which  one  is  obliged  to  consider  as  an 
evident  reality  and  not  as  a  beautiful  dream.  Es- 
peranto is  already  used  by  many  commercial  firms 
in  international  intercourse  and  exploiting  and  by 
many  scientists  who  seek  to  understand  and  corre- 
spond with  each  other.  Some  commercial  maga- 
zines are  published  in  Esperanto,  as  well  as  a 
medical  and  a  scientific  review,  The  Internacia 
Scienca  Eevuo,  edited  in  Geneva  by  a  group  of  dis- 
tinguished professors.  World-famous  men  such  as 
Professor  William  James,  Oswald,  General  Sebert, 
Boirac,  Ramsay,  J.  J.  Thomson,  Oscar  Browning, 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  13 

Ernest  Naville,  and  others  are  members  of  the 
"Internacia  Seienca  Asocio." 

Many  world-wide  organizations,  as  the  Peace 
Societies  and  Congresses,  religious  associations, 
Freemasons,  Socialists,  specialists  in  different 
branches,  are  employing  Esperanto  and  publishing 
in  it  magazines  and  new  books  of  international  in- 
terest. Esperanto  is  officially  taught  in  many  pub- 
lic schools  in  France,  England,  Germany,  Rus- 
sia, and  other  countries.  The  London  Chamber 
of  Commerce  gives  diplomas  in  it.  Nine  hundred 
and  fifty  societies  exist  in  the  world  to  spread  the 
language,  and  forty  magazines  are  published  for 
the  same  purpose.  The  movement  is  very  strong 
in  Europe  and  Japan,  but  is  only  beginning  in 
America.  However,  there  have  been  founded  in 
the  United  States  two  magazines,  and  eighty-five 
societies  within  two  years. 

The  Esperanto  Congresses. 

Every  summer,  Esperantist  delegates  from  so- 
cieties of  all  countries,  about  two  thousand  people, 
meet  in  a  Universal  Congress,  and  during  one  week 
have  discussions,  lectures,  meetings  of  all  sorts,  con- 
certs, feasts,  etc. — all  in  the  one  same  harmo- 
nious language,  in  which  they  perfectly  understand 
one  another.  Very  often  they  speak  as  fluently  as 
in  their  own  languages,  although  many  of  them 
are    persons    of    limited     education.     Comedies 


14  ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

are  acted  there  by  actors  from  twelve  or  more 
different  countries,  and  nothing  could  be  a  better 
V  proof  of  the  practicability  of  Esperanto. 

Such  international  gatherings  prove  something 
more.  In  seeing  these  people  of  all  races,  of  all 
positions,  and  all  opinions,  living  together  for  one 
week  as  real  brothers,  although  they  never  knew 
each  other  before,  many  men  become  enthusiastic 
for  Esperanto  and  feel  that  its  founder  is  begin- 
ning to  attain  his  original  ambition:  to  bring  the 
nations  together  jby  a  better  understanding. 

The  Actual  Use  of  Esperanto. 

Everybody  understands  that  once  Esperanto  is 
taught  officially  everywhere,  it  will  be  very  con- 
venient, indeed-  and  a  great  many  people,  I  am 
sure,  are  quite  determined  to  learn  it  "when  every- 
body else  knows  it."  If  every  one  said  the  same 
for  each  step  of  progress,  we  would  be  still  in  a 
savage  state. 

However,  it  is  important  to  show  the  immediate 
need  of  learning  Esperanto.  First  of  all,  it  gives  to 
every  one  the  possibility  of  corresponding  with 
people  of  foreign  countries  on  any  business  or  spe- 
cial subject.  Having  found  in  Esperanto  maga- 
zines addresses  of  young  people  in  other  countries, 
a  great  many  boys  and  girls  have  started  a  very 
instructive  correspondence,  made  friends  every- 
where, and  often  thereby  found  situations  later. 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  15 

One  may  now  travel  easily  by  means  of  Es- 
peranto. In  each  city  where  the  Esperanto  or- 
ganizations are  strong  enough,  there  is  an  Es- 
peranto Consul  who  gives  to  foreign  Esperantists 
free  information  about  his  city,  and  finds  persons 
who  are  very  glad  to  show  them  the  curiosities 
of  the  town,  and  so  get  in  this  way  practice  in 
speaking  Esperanto.  The  Esperanto  Central 
Office  in  Paris  publishes  every  year  the  universal 
address-book  of  Esperanto  Consuls.  A  great  many 
persons  have  already  made  long  tours,  knowing  no 
other  language  than  their  own  and  Esperanto. 
They  never  could  have  done  it  so  easily  without 
Esperanto,  even  if  they  had  known  French  and 
German.  What  is  the  use  of  French  or  German 
when  travelling  in  Hungary  or  Italy  ? 

Why  Should  One  Learn  Esperanto? 

The  great  Russian  writer  Tolstoi  said  fifteen 
years  ago :  "The  sacrifices  that  any  civilized  man 
would  make  in  learning  Esperanto  are  so  slight 
and  the  results  so  immense,  that  no  one  should  re- 
fuse to  make  the  attempt."  And  Tolstoi  also  said 
that  after  two  hours  of  study  he  was  able  to  read 
Esperanto  with  ease.  The  president  of  the  Lin- 
guistic Society  in  Paris  said  that  Esperanto,  hav- 
ing no  irregularities  in  the  verbs,  must  be  five 
times  easier  to  learn  than  any  other  language. 

When  one  comes  to  think  of  what  a  splendid 


I 

fl 

16  ESPERAN<FO  AT  A  GLANCE 

thing  it  will  be  for  humanity  to  have  an  inter- 
national language,  we  ought  to  consider  it  a  duty 
to  learn  Esperanto,  in  order  to  give  a  good  ex- 
ample to  others  and  to  encourage  governments 
in  introducing  it  into  the  schools. 

Esperanto  is  already  very  strong  in  the  world, 
and  has  shown  itself  to  be  an  excellent  means  of 
advancing  the  Peace  Cause.  It  will  soon  be  offi- 
cially established,  if  it  continues  to  grow  as  fast 
as  it  is  now  growing.  In  that  day  it  will  not  be 
a  merit  to  learn  it,  because  every  one  will  do  so; 
but  one  will  be  either  proud  to  have  helped  it  be- 
fore, or  ashamed  not  to  have  done  so. 

It  behooves  every  one  to  choose. 


ii 


THE  ELEMENTS  OF  THE  ESPERANTO 
LANG¥AGE 


The  Alphabet 

a 

b 

c 

cdefgghh 

i     3 

J 

k 

1 

m 

noprsstu 

U      V 

z 

Vowels  are  pronounced  as  follows,  and  each 
counts  for  one  syllable.  They  have  no  combina- 
tion with  each  other. 

a  =  a  in  "star''  o  =  o  in  "for" 

e  =:  e  in  "there"  u  =:  u  in  "rule" 

i  =  i  in  "clique"        Do  not  drag  the  vowels. 

Consonants  are  pronounced  as  in  English,  ex- 
cept the  following: 

c  =  ts  in  "Tsar"  j  =^  s  in  "pleasure" 

c  =  ch  in  "church"  s  =  s  in  "see" 

^  =  g  in  "good"  s  =  sh  in  "she" 

^  r=  g  in  "gem"  /i  =  kh 

;  =  y  in  'Tjoy"  or  "yes"  u  =z  w 

Every   letter    keeps    always    the    same    sound. 
Every  word  is  written  as  it  is  pronounced.     The 
accent  always  falls  on  the  last  syllable  but  one: 
JcAnti,  EsperAnto,  gard^no,  Ankau,  malbonaj. 
17 


GRAMMAR 

There  are  no  exceptions  to  any  rule. 

Article. — There  is  no  indefinite  article  in  Es- 
peranto.    Glaso  means  a  glass. 

There  is  only  one  form  of  the  definite  article :  la 
used  as  the  English  the  for  singular  and  plural. 

Substantives  always  end  in  o :  tdblo,  table;  la 
bono,  the  good. 

Adjectives  always  end  in  a:  bona,  good;  bela, 
beautiful.    La  granda  kato,  the  large  cat. 

The  Plural  is  formed  for  adjectives  and  sub- 
stantives by  the  adding  of  a  ;  (pronounced  as 
the  English  y)  :  La  belaj  katoj,  the  beautiful  cats. 
The  adjective  always  agrees  with  its  noun:  La 
tabloj  estas  bonaj,  the  tables  are  good. 

Verbs  in  the  infinitive  end  in  i:  paroli,  to  speak; 
trinki,  to  drink;  moki,  to  mock. 

The  Present  tense  ends  in  as:  mi  parolas,  I 
speak. 

The  Past  tense  ends  misivi  mokis,  you  mocked, 
you  have  mocked. 

18 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  19 

The  Future  tense  ends  in  os :  li  parolos,  he  will 
or  shall  speak. 

The  Conditional  ends  in  us:  ni  moJcus,  we 
would  (or  should)  mock. 

Purpose  mode  ends  in  u:  parolu!  speak!  ni 
moJcuI  let  us  mock !  mi  deziras  he  li  parolu,  I  wish 
that  he  may  speak ;  he  li  ne  vundu,  that  he  may  not 
wound. 

Active  Participle  endings : 

Present  in  anta:  parolanta,  speaking. 
Past  in  inta :  parolinta,  having  spoken. 
Future  in  onta :  parolonta,  about  to  speak. 

Passive  Participle  endings: 

Present  in  ata:  mohata,  being  mocked. 
Past  in  ita :  mohita,  having  been  mocked. 
Future  in  ota :  mohota,  about  to  be  mocked. 
They  are  also  changed  into   substantives,   ad- 
jectives, or  adverbs:  la  mohanto,  the  mocker;  la 
parolanto,  the  speaker;  trinhante,  by  drinking; 
vunditOy  a  wounded  man. 

Compound  Tenses  may  be  formed  by  the  help 
of  the  only  auxiliary  in  Esperanto :  esti,  to  be. 

Mi  estis  parolanta,  I  was  speaking. 

Vi  estis  mohinta,  you  had  mocked  (  =  you  were 
having  mocked). 

Ni  estos  vundataj,  we  will  be  wounded.  .    j 


^ 


20  ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

The  Pronouns  are : 

mi,  I.  gi,  it. 

v%  you.  ni,  we. 

liy  he.  vi,  you. 

si,  she.  il%  they. 

a,  seldom  used,  means  thou;  oni  means  one. 

Si  is  the  reflexive  pronoun  for  the  third  person : 
it  means  himself,  herself,  itself,  or  themselves. 
Li  parolas  al  si,  he  speaks  to  himself.  Hi  estis  vun- 
ditaj  de  si,  they  were  wounded  by  themselves. 

Possessive  adjectives  are  formed  by  adding  the 
ending  a:  mia,  my;  via,  your;  lia,  his;  sia,  her; 
gia,  its;  nia,  our;  via,  your;  ilia,  their.  Sia,  his 
own,  her  own,  its  own,  their  own,  is  used  before  a 
complement  belonging  to  the  subject  of  the  sen- 
tenbe.  Mia  patro  promenas  kun  sia  amiJco  haj  lia 
filo,  my  father  walks  with  his  own  friend  and  his 
(the  friend's)  son. 

Direct  objects  and  adjectives  qualifying  them 
take  n  at  the  end  in  order  to  permit  a  free  and 
variable  construction  of  any  sentence. 

Mi  trinhas  bonan  hieron,  I  drink  good  beer; 
Bonan  hieron  mi  trinhas;  Bier  on  mi  trinkas  honan, 
are  all  correct  ways  to  build  the  same  sentence.  Ni 
vidis  la  largajn  tahlojn,  we  saw  the  wide  tables. 
Li  mokas  min,  he  mocks  me. 

This  ending  n  may  be  used  instead  of  a  preposi- 


— •*——'  * 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  21 

tion  in  cases  where  the  meaning  is  sufficiently  clear, 

especially  when  there  is  the  idea  of  direction  or 

time.     Instead  of  saying  Mi  iras  al  Parizo,  I  go 

to  Paris,  one  says  Mi  iras  ParizoN.    Instead  of  Mi 

iras  AL  en  la  cambro,  I  go  into  the  chamber,  one 

says  Mi  iras  en  la  camhroN.    Instead  of  Iru  al  suh 

la  tahlo!  go  under  the  table,  one  says  Iru  suh 

la  tabloNl     Instead  of  Al  kie  vi  iras?  where  do 

you  go  ?  one  says  Kie^  vi  iras  ?    Instead  of  Restu 

DUM  tri  tagoji^I  stay  during  three  days,  one  says    LtL^Urf 

Restu  tri  tagoJN !  etc.  ^  / 

In  these  examples  the  final  n  was  used  instead 
of  al,  to;  dum,  during,  etc. 

The  Comparative  degree  is  formed  by  pli.  .ol, 
more.  .than. 

Pli  bona  ol  mi,  better  than  I. 

Pli  rapide  ol  Jcato,  faster  than  a  cat. 

Malpli  granda  ol  gi,  less  big  than  it. 

The  Superlative  degree  is  formed  by  plej . .  el, 
most.  .of. 

La  plej  bona  el  ni,  the  best  of  us. 
La  plej  larga  tablo,  the  widest  table. 
La  malplej  larga,  the  least  wide. 

Equality  is  expressed  by  tieL.Tciel,  as.. as. 
Tiel  bona  Jciel  li,  as  good  as  he. 


22  ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

Cardinal  numbers  are  invariable : 

1,  unu.  5,  levin.  9,  nau. 

2,  du.  6,  ses.  10,  deJc. 

3,  tri.  7,  sep.  100,  cent 

4,  hvar.  8,  olc.  1000,  mil. 
Million  is  milion.     The  tens  and  hundreds  are 

formed  by  simple  junction  of  the  numerals:  20, 
dudek;  30,  trideh;  40,  hvardek;  90,  naudek;  500, 
hvincent;  11,  dek-unu;  12,  dek-du;  17,  dek-sep; 
64,  sesdeh-hvar;  78,  sepdek-ok;  452,  kvarcent 
hvindek-du;  4927,  kvarmil  naucent  dudek-sep. 

Ordinals  are  formed  by  adding  a  to  the  car- 
dinals; 3d,  ^na;  56th,  kvindek-sesa;  21st,  dudek- 
unua. 

Fractionals  are  formed  by  adding  ono :  a  half, 
duono;  a  quarter,  kvarono;  nine-tenths,  riait 
dekonoj. 

Multiples  are  formed  by  adding  ohla:  double, 
duohla;  decuple,  dekohla. 

Collectives  are  formed  by  adding  ope :  dekope, 
by  tens ;  centope,  by  hundreds. 

Nouns,  adjectives,  and  adverbs  may  be  formed 
from  all  these,  as,  for  instance:  dekduo,  dozen; 
unue,  firstly ;  due,  secondly ;  duone,  by  halves,  etc. 


Prepositions  have  in  Esperanto  precise  values, 
and  one  must  be  careful  to  translate  an  English 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


23 


preposition  by  its  logical  rather  than  by  its  ap- 
parent equivalent  in  Esperanto. 

He  lives  with  us,  li  logas  CE  m. 

He  walks  with  me,  li  promenxis  KUisr  mi. 

He  beat  me  with  a  stick,  li  hatis  min  per  has- 
iono. 

There  are  three  prepositions  to  translate  theV 
three  ideas,  logically  different,  contained  in  the 
English  preposition  with. 

When  one  has  doubts  as  to  which  preposition  t"  • 
to  use  for  indefinite  ideas,  as  in:  at  what  time? 
at  3.20  a.  m. ;  on  Monday  next,  etc.,  one  may  use 
the  indefinite  preposition  je  or  the  final  n  without 


preposition:  je  hioma  horof  je  3.20  matene^^km-^  '^^ 


,„  n"^'»':^!^^S^^^id\ 


*«^*^       List  of  the  Principal  Prepositions 


Al, 

Antau, 

Apud, 

Ce, 

CirkaUy 

De.Jiifr 

Dum, 

Ekster, 

El, 

En, 

Inter, 
Kun, 
Krom, 


before. 

near. 

at,  with. 

round,  about.^ 

of,  from,  ify^ 

during. 

outside. 


Lau, 

Malgrau, 

Per, 

For, 

Post, 

Preter, 

Pri, 

Pro, 


according 
in  spite  of 
by,  by  means  of. 
in  order  to,  for. 
after,  behind.  ^^ 
beyond,  /»nt/^Xr, 


to.J^-^^'^'f^' 


out  oLi^ff^^'^'Sub,  under. 


about,  of.  cxyfVOJiAmAJ^. 


for,  on  account  of,  A<*<x*«'A^  *J/ 


in,  into,    r   [hi  Super, 
till,  untiliaA*^  8ur, 


over,  above.  j-    /    j  / 

on,  u^on.<Um:^^Ut^a^£i^*<^p^iM^' 

through*  X<* '♦**-*-^*^-  ^        ' 

across. 


tf**~^i\jy/t^. 


/ 


between.«*-3^    Tra, 
with>^ '••^*5^'  Trans, 
^.^...,        except,  besides,  in  addition  to. 

Anstatau,  instead,  antau  ol,  before,  and  por, 
for,  are  the  only  prepositions  which  may  be  used  be- 


h 


24  ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

fore  verbs.  Anstatau  diri,  instead  of  telling; 
antau  ol  fari,  before  doing;  por  doni,  in  order  to 
give.  One  observes  that  in  Esperanto  the  in- 
finitive  is  used  in  such  cases,  and  not  the  participle. 
The  expressions  without  doing,  without  telling, 
must  be  translated  by  in  not  doing,  in  not  telling : 
ne  farante,  ne  dirante.'n^^^^^''^-**-^^^^^^^^ 
The  preposition  da  is  used  for  of  after  a  word 
/ '  /       ^^       of  measure :  multe  da,  much  of.^^  W<ml4  </i  A^x^e^^t^J 

^  ,    -  Pbincipal  Non-derived  Advebbs  ''' 

rS  ^  F    ^      Adiaii,  adieu.  Jam,  already. 

Almenau,  at  least.  Jus,  just,  just  now. 

Ankorau,  again,  yet.  Jes,  yes. 

Ankau,  also.  Ne,  no,  not. 

Au,  or.  -           Nun,  now. 

Apenau,  scarcely,  A^i«^t£^.      Nur,  only. 

Baldau,  soon.  Preskau,  almost. 

E6f  even.  Tuj,  immediately,  a      a        t 

For,  away.  Tute  ne,  not  at  all. /;,^Xr^  ai^ 

J  ^        Jam.  .ne,  no.  .more.    Ne.  .plu,  no.  .longer,    ^i 
^*     >  ^  jam  lin  ne  audis.    She  heard  him  no  more.    Mi  ne 
? .   atendos  plu.    I  shall  wait  no  longer. 

Jen . .  jen,  sometimes .  .  sometimes.     Jen  si  plo- 
ras,  jen  si  ridas.    Sometimes  she  weeps,  sometimes  w   ,yu/^ 

^    she  laughs.  aL0  ."*-»  ^^ t'taf^ .  J^'fpUi",  ^ 

ki       Ju  pli.  .des  pli,  the  more,  .the  more.     Ju  pli;,UAJ^  ^ 

\    mi  vidas  lin,  des  pli  mi  admiras  lin.    The  more  I  ''^jj^^ 

see  him,  the  more  I  admire  him.  ^d^^ 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


25 


List  of  the  Pbincipal  Conjunctions 


Alie, 

Ail.  .a 

Car, 

Dum, 

Ec  se, 

Ja, 

Kaj, 


otherwise. 

either,  .or. 

because. 

while. 

even  if. 

indeed. 

and. 


Do,  therefore. 

Nek . .  nek,  neither .  .  nor. 
Por  he,  in  order  that. 
8e  tamen,  if  however. 


Kvankam,  although. 
8e,  if. 

8ed,  but. 


Sekve, 
Se  nur, 
Tamen, 
Cu . .  6u, 
€u.  .au, 
S^ ...  -nA, 


jr.  ^^^•y  ""^^  ^ 


consequently. 

if  only,; 

however.  . .-      - 

whether.  .whethei7^^^'<*-«4U^  S- 

whether . .  or. 


Abbreviations. 

h.t.p.  {kaj  tiel  plu),  and  so  forth. 
Jc.c.  (kaj  ceteraj),  et  cetera,  &c. 
t.e.  (tio  estas),  that  is  (to  say). 


Interrogation  is  shown  in  Esperanto  by  the 
little  word  cu,  which  can  be  translated  by  whether. 
Putting  this  word  before  any  positive  sentence, 
without  changing  anything  in  its  order,  makes  it  a 
question. 

Li  estas  bona.     He  is  good. 

Cu  li  estas  bona?    Is  he  good? 

Cu  via  patro  lab  or  as?    Does  your  father  work? 

Cu  is  used  only  for  single  questions — that  is, 
when  there  is  no  word,  as  what,  when,  where,  etc., 
which  already  shows  the  interrogation.   ^kxAH  eLUcjnM^*.uL44^j^ 

Kio  estas  sur  la  tablo?    What  is  on  the  table? 

The  Eelative  pronoun  is  kiu,  who,  which,  that. 
It  takes  j  in  the  plural,  as  also  do  iu,  ciu,  tiu,  etc. 


^ 


26 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLAISTCE 


"^ 

(H 

«M 

<y 

o 

a 

^\ 

■ill 

3 

1 

i 

•1 

1 

9) 

1 

1 

■5 

P^i 

<a 

a 

g^ 

-< 

a 

4 

1    II 

)    i      go 

<u 

a 

O 

a 

•1 

li 

o« 
a 

tj 

h 

^ 

§ 

4) 

1 

^ 

1                 o 
1               ^ 

2 

1 

1 

^ 

a 

If 

PQ 

«    • 

"0   g 

iilf 

■1 

1! 

g 

1 

-3 

1 

«> 

>• 

f^A 

V 

^  o 

a> 

>^ 

h-( 

H 

•sill 

*        9     c' 

0)  S 

i 

2« 

0*  J- 

1 

ii 

1 

■■3     u 
o  fl 

•S 

Is 
ii 

."I 

ad'> 

S    * 

»4 

to  as 

n  " 

"g 

s 

O 

{z; 

>^ 

CO 

> 
o 

M 

b 

i 

S 

s 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


27 


ties 

such  a  one's 
that  one's 

tio 

that  (thing) 

tiom{da) 

so  j  much 
as  i  many 

tiu 

that 
the  former 

nenies 

nobody's 
no  one's 

nenio 

nothing 

neniom 

none 
no  quantity 

neniu 

nobody 
no  (adjective) 

Icies 

whose 

hio 

what  (thing) 

Mom  (da) 

how  much 

how  many 

what  quantity 

Mu 

who 

which 

that 

(rel.  pronoun) 

cies 

each  one's 
every  one's 

cio 

everything 
all  things 

ciom 

all  of  it 
the  whole 

ciu 

each  one 

all 

every 

ies 

any  one's 
somebody's 
anybody's 

io 

something 
anything 

iom{da) 

somewhat 

some  quantity 

(a  little) 

iu 

some  one 
any 

g 

-1-5 

PI 

1 

4 

^ 


<15 


^ 


•* 


28  ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

r  £u>  f^ ,  Those  men  who  come,  tiui  Jiomoj,  Tciuj  venas. 


UUt.  a. 


zL^^ 


The  word  kiu  is  a  pronoun  when  it  is  alone, 

^rf^*^  '        but  it  corresponds  to  our  adjectives  what  or  which 

when  it  is  before  a  noun.     Kiu  parolas?     Who 

speaks?    Kvaj  tahloj  estas  tie?    Which  tables  are 

there?    "^^'^^^  «-^f-vB^.  w^^i»  a.  i..^.^  ^^^ 

The  Demonstrative  ^w,  that,  is  an  adjective^ 
if  before  a  noun,  and  a  demonstrative  pronoun  if  t 
alone:  tiu  tdblo,  that  table;  tiu  ne  venas,  that  per- 


\^ 


son  does  not  come.   Tio,  that,  is  always  a  pronoun 
for  things:  mi  deziras  tion,  I  want  that.     Both   ^ 
may  take  the  little  adverb  ci  to  become  more  pre-    J 
^^^        pise:  tiu  ci,  this;  <io  ci,  this  thing.    C*.'  n*^^^^^^^^^  r  , 
«<?.     ^>-^        Never  use  tio,  that   (pronoun),  instead  of  Ice,    "p^ 
'^^^y^'      that  (conjunction),    ilfi  cZiVas  ke  cm/  Icredas  tion".     J* 
I  say  that  all  believe  ^/la^.     Kemember  also  that 
"that"  may  also  be  a  relative  pronoun;  for  ex- 
ample, The  dog  that  I  saw,  La  hundo  kiun  mi 


/TV 


FORMATION  OF  WORDS 

Grammatical  endings  may  be  used  for  the  fol- 
lowing purposes:  From  the  root  parol':  paroli,  to 
speak;  parolo,  speech;  parola,  oral;  parole,  orally. 
From  the  root  varrri  :  varma,  warm;  varme, 
warmly ;  la  varmo,  the  warmth. 

Compound  words  may  be  formed : 

Yaporo,  steam;  sipo,  ship;  vaporsipo,  steam- 
boat. 

Tago,  day;  mezo,  middle;  tagmezo,  noon. 

(The  0  between  two  roots  may  be  retained  or 
omitted  as  euphony  requires.) 

Prefixes 

ho-   denotes  relation  hy  marriage:  patro,  father. 
hopatro,  father-in-law.     frato^  brother,     ho- 


frato,  brother-in-law. 


to   ^."^ 


dis-  denotes  separation  (as  in  English)  :  jeti,  ^^  -^"tjc  r^  > 
throw,  disjeti,  to  throw  about,  semi,  to  sow.  i^jUtun.  /nwt^ 
dissemi,  to  disseminate.  nxg4otMC , 

eJc.  denotes  beginning  and  momentary  action:  £f^  't^u^z 
hril%  to  shine,     ehhrili,  to  flash,     hanti,  to 


sing,    eklcanti,  to  start  singing.  .^-t  u^rw 

29 


'^ 


30  ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

ge-  denotes  persons  of  both  sexes  taken  together: 
mastro,  master,  gemastroj,  master  and  mis- 
tress, onhlo,  uncle,  geonhloj ,  uncle  and  aunt. 
gepatroj,  parents. 

mal-  denotes  opposite  ideas :  rica,  rich,  malrica, 
poor,     fermi,  to  shut,     malfermi,  to  open. 

re-  denotes  return  and  repetition:  veni,  to  come. 
reveni,  to  come  back,    hrili,  to  shine,    rehrili. 


Suffixes 

'ad — denotes  duration  and  continuation  of  action : 
pafo,  a  shot,     pafado,  shooting,     rigardi,  to 
look  at.    rigardadi,  to  view,    instrui,  to  teach. 
instruado,  teaching. 
-a} — denotes  concrete  ideas:  mola,  soft,     molajo, 
soft  material,     amiha,  friendly,     amikajo,    a 
kindness. 
-an — denotes  an  inhabitant,  member,  or  partisan: 
Londono,    London.     Londonano,    Londoner. 
Kristo,  Christ.     Kristano,  a  Christian. 
-ar — denotes  a  collection  of  things :  vorto,  a  word. 
vortaro,  a  dictionary,   arbo,  a  tree,   arbaro,  a 
• }  *  forest.  hnvL^t^o*^*^^*-^' 

H  -ebl — denotes  possibility  (Engl,  -able  -ible)  :  vidi, 

J  to   see.      videbla,   visible,    hredi,   to   believe. 

"^  Icredebla,  credible. 

J^         -ec — denotes  abstract  ideas:    mola,  soft,    moleco. 


^■# 


-^ 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


31 


i  I-^       ship. 


softness,    amihe,  friendly,    amiheco,  friend- 


degree  :  ^ 
varma,  ?/^  ^^^^ 


\reg — denotes    enlargement,    intensity    of    ^onrpp  •  c<7  a-^  ^^ 
5         ^omo,  a  house,    domego,  a  mansion. 
'  ]         warm,     varmega,  hot. 

U-e; — denotes   flace   allotted   to :    lerni,   to   learn,  jy^ite^  i. 
j^        lernejo,    school.      Jcuiri,    to    cook.      ^'^^'^^J^^f^^jJ^^ 

kitchen.  ^^/dJ 

em — denotes  propensity  or  disposition:  ^M^h-^  ji^jj;^ ^ 
to  chatter,  habilema,  loquacious.  Tcredi,  to  be-  C<*^^  ^  ^ 
lieve.     Tcredema,   credulous,     paroli,   to   talk. -^*;^^ '''^''*^ 


/e.^^ 


iut. 


mono, 


^, ^ ^.^j 


collection : 
sahlo,  sand,    sablero. 


parolema,  talkative. 
i>-er — denotes   one   object   of 
t  S.        money,     monero,  coin. 
J         grain  of  sand. 

'v  -estr — denotes  a  chief  or  leader :  sipo,  ship,    sipe-'^jjij^  JJi>- 
stro,  caj^tain.    ^egnOj^  state,    regnestro,  ruler. 
^  r  -et — denotesomtw'wfiwi  0/  degree,  etc. :  Za^o,  lake. 
I         lageto,  pond,    varma,  warm,    varmeta,  luke- 

*  i  li  warm. 

^  '^  'id — denotes  the  young  of,  the  descendant  of :  Icato, 
\\         cat.    Icatido,  a  kitten,    hundo,  dog.    hundido, 
^    -         a  puppy.  <£:uui4i^,A>tr»^<'titf. 

-t^ — denotes  causing  something  to  he:  morta, 
dead,  mortigi,  to  kill,  hruli,  to  burn,  hruligi, 
to  set  on  fire.  -Sj  i^a^*i^*y>  lU^*.iiC^ . 
'-ig — denotes  the  action  of  becoming:  ruga,  red. 
P^oi  n/.^t^i^  to  blush,  fluida,  fluid,  fluidigi,  to 
V^  become  fluid,  to  melt.  ^ ^ oL^ t^^XisJiiti^  ^ 


^ 


-l^  U,/^/^ 


4 


32  ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

-il — denotes  a  tool  or  instrument:  hori,  to  drill. 
horUo,  a  gimlet,    razi,  to  shave,  razilo,  a  razor. 

-ind — denotes  worthiness:  admiri,  to  admire. 
admirinda,  worthy  of  admiration,  memori,  to 
remember,   memorinda,  memorable. 

-ing — denotes  holder  into  which  one  object  is  put : 
plumo,  pen.  plumingo,  penholder,  handelo, 
candle,  kandelingo,  candlestick. 

'in — denotes  feminines:  onMo,  uncle,  onklino, 
aunt.     Icolco,  cock.     Icohino,  hen. 

'ist — denotes  trade,  profession,  or  occupation: 
drogo,  drug,  drogisto,  a  druggist,  loto,  a 
boot,     hotisto,  a  bootmaker. 

'UJ — denotes  container  of  material  or  a  collection: 
inho,  ink.  inkujo,  inkstand,  mono,  money. 
monujo,  purse.  suTcero,  sugar,  sukerujo, 
sugar-bowl. /^W /^  ifC^ -^  =—^^ '^^Z^. 

'■ul — denotes  a  man  remarTcahle  for  some  quality:     ^* 
hrava,  brave,     hravulo,   a  brave   man.     hela, 
beautiful,     helulino,    a    beauty     (feminine). 
giho,  hump,    gihulo,  humpback. 

'Um — indefinite  suffix  playing  similar  role  in 
forming  words  as  ''je"  among  the  preposi- 
tions: plena,  full;  plenumi,  to  fulfil,  vento, 
wind;  ventumilo,  fan.  Jcruco,  cross;  Jcru- 
cumi,^ crucify.  />*vA^umiU»,  ^^nni'  '^^^'^*'^^ c^rddxi 

Examples:  Malgajeco,  sadness.    Mai,  contrary; 
gaj\  gay;  eco,  quality.    Malfaciligi,  to  make  diffi^ 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE   .       33 

cult.    Mal^  contrary;  facil',  easy;  igi,  to  make,  to 
cause  something  to  be. 


ESPERANTO  TEXTS 

"Simpla,  fleksebla,  belsona,  vere  internacia  en 
siaj  elementoj,  la  lingvo  Esperanto  prezentas  al  la 
mondo  civilizita  la  sole  veran  solvon  de  lingvo  in- 
ternacia; car,  tre  facila  por  homoj  nemulte  instru- 
itaj,  Esperanto  estas  komprenata  sen  peno  de  la 
personoj  bone  edukitaj.  Mil  faktoj  atestas  la 
meriton  praktikan  de  la  nomita  lingvo." 


(jc'i^^^Hp-'^i^^^J^i  *^*Y±^^^^K  tr:2irvAJL£t  i^<'»*-*ti£i^Lc 


f'^.iJs^^^si^lig^^J^-k^ 


A^ 


RAKONTO 

Mallume  kaj  nigre  estas  en  la  koro  de  malfelica 
patrino,  kiu  devas  vidi,  kiel  siaj  idetoj  suferas  mal- 
saton,  kaj  si  havas  nenion,  per  kiu  si  povus  trank- 
viligi  tiun  obstinan  postulanton,  la  stomakon. 

La  nombro  da  tiaj  patrinoj  inter  la  Nov-Jorka 
laboristaro  estas  sufice  granda  ankaii  en  la  bonaj 
tempoj,  kaj  kiam  venas  la  tempoj  malbonaj,  kiam 
venas  ekonomia  krizo,  tiu  nombro  pli  grandigas 
kaj  multigas. 

^rX\iJ^         Kiam  Linjo,  okjara  knabineto,  venis  hejmen  el 
'   ^^^       '    ^^  lernejo,  si  diris  al  sia  patrino : 
jC^J^  "Patrineto,  mi  estas  malsata!" 

La  patrino  de  Lin  jo  ne  havis  en  la  domo  ec 

pecon  da  pano,  kaj  tial  la  koro  de  la  malfelica 

virino  kvazaii  dissirigis  pro  doloro,  kaj  sia  pala, 

^^       mizera  vizago  farigis  ankoraii  pli  pala  pro  la  vor- 

1^  fUJC^LO',    toj  de  sia  infano. 

"Mi  tute  ne  scias  kion  doni  al  vi  por  mangi/' 
diris  la  patrino. 

"Kion  ajn/'  respondis  la  lerneja  knabineto.  • 

"Nenio  estas  en  la  domo,  mia  infano/' 

"Mi  estas  tre,  tre  malsata  ?'  , 


Jiucu,  >vtrC" 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  35 

'^Jen  baldau  alvenos  patreto  kaj  alportos  monon ; 
tiam  mi  iros  aceti  ion  por  mangi." 

"Kiam  venos  patreto?"  Linjo  demandis. 

"Baldau,  mia  infano/'  respondis  la  patrino  per 

Coj^-'jf^  malforta  voco,  kaj  sia  voco  estis  malforta  tial,  6ar      c/^  w-^ 

ijgLL^  §i  mem  forte  dubis  pri  sia  promeso.  ^^1 

4,^^  Frumatene,  kiam  la  patro  de  Linjo  ekvidis,  ke 

en  la  domo  ne  estas  peco  da  pano,  li  foriris  al 

amikoj,  knn  la  espero  ricevi  prunte  kelkajn  dola- 

rojn.     Kaj  antaii  la  foriro  lia  edzino  diris  al  li: 

"Sciu,  ke  Linjo  foriris  en  la  lernejon  neman- 
ginta!" 

"Mi  solas,  mi  scias,"  li  respondis  per  voco  snfo- 
katadelarmoj.  til^^ 

"Vi  devas  alporti  iom  da  mono  al  la  tagmango,  ^^lo^ 
se  ne,  Linjo  posttagmeze  ree  devos  iri  en  la  lerne-    ^^ 
jon  nemanginta."  /oU/-^ 

"Mi  revenos  antaii  tagmeze."  ^rvS^f^  ^u 

"Vi  devas  scii,  ke  mi  jam  ne  havas  lokon,  kie     v^-^.      ' 
pruntepreni  ion,  mi  ne  povas  pruntepreni  ec  dis- 
rompitan  cendon,"  la  virino  klarigis  al  sia  edzo  la       •y^^rt.   iuj 
situacion,  "kaj  en  la  spice  jo  oni  ne  pruntedonos  .^ 

al  mi  ec  unn  terpomon.     Mi  jam  ne  povas  mon-   ^^^*^'*~Ti^ 
trigi  en  la  strato,  car  mi  suldas  monon  al  ciuj  naj-      '    '/f*^^ 
baroj — al  unu  nikelmoneron,  al  la  dua  dekcendon 
kaj  al  la  tria  kvarondolaron." 

"Bone,  bone,"  respondis  la  edzo. 

"Vi  devas  reveni  antaii  la  tagmezo,  se  ne,  Linjo       /    .      .    .. 
malsatos,"  la  virino  minacis  la  edzon.  ^.x-^^^.**^^ 


36  ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

Kaj  tamen  la  patro  de  Linjo  ne  venis  tagmeze 
kaj  nun  estas  Jam  baldaii  vespero  kaj  li  ankoraii 
ne  estas  hejme. 
^,        La  koro  de  la  virino  estas  maltrankvila.    Si  tute 
^^^  auTX  ^'^^   ne  solas  kion  pripensi  pri  sia  edzo.    Diversaj,  tern-     . 
^  Jt  ^>  •  -u^  j-aj  pensoj  trakuris  sian  kapon.     Sed  tamen  si  es-  53C^'- 
f^'^^^j^    peris,  ke  la  ezdo  baldaii  venos.    Kaj  si  konsolas  sin     S^^,^ 
'i*^**^  ^rv  A*^   kaj  la  malfelican  infanon  per  tin  ci  espero.     Sed      S^. 
x*^  ^**"/  *^       ankaii  tin  ci  espero  ciuminute  pli  malfortigas. 
ZjMW/^^^I'a^rineto,  mi  Yolas  mangi.'^ 

La  patrino  eksaltas  kvazaii  serpento  ekmordus     / 

"Cu  vi  scias,  mia  infano,  im  en  la  spicejon !" 
"Mi    iros,    patrineto,    mi    iros/'    Lin  jo    diris 
kun  mieno  de  kontenteco  pro  la  propono  de  la 


f^;- 


'I    jjfl%       "Alportu  bulkojn  por  tri  cendoj  kaj  kvaronfun- 
\Z^  ton  da  butero/'  la  patrino  ordonas  kion  alporti  el 
la  spicejo. 

"Donu  al  mi  monon,"  petas  Lin  jo. 
Sur  la  vizago  de  la  patrino  montrigas  mieno 
.  .    ^   de  maldolca  ironio  kaj  si  diras  al  la  inf ano : 
*^"^'.  Ia'I       "Diru  al  la  spicisto,  ke  poete  mi  estos  en  la  bu- 
i^^^'^^^X    tiko  kaj  pagos  al  li/' 
g,.  Y^        J        "Bone,"  respondas  Linjo. 

.     fjU-ot-it^"     Kaj  la  infano  foriris  en  la  spicejon.    Kaj  la  pa- 

N^  trino  sidas  kaj  atendas,  kaj  atendante,  si  ciam  pen- 

'  sas  pri  tio,  kion  la  spicisto  respondos  al  la  infano. 

Jen  sajnas  al  si,  ke  la  butiko  estas  plena  de  viri- 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  37 

noj.    Linjo  eniras,  petas  bulkojn  kaj  buteron,  la 

spicisto  elpelas  la  infanon.  Kaj  poste  li  rakontas  .  /       ^ 

al  ciuj  virinoj,  ke  oni  suldas  al  li  multe  da  mono   ^^ 

kaj    oni   ne   volas   pagi   al   li,   kaj    oni   ankorau 

havas  arogantecon  sendi  infanon  por  ree  prunte- 

preni. 

Si  sentas  ke  la  eango  venas  en  sian  vizagon  pro 
honto.     Si  jam  bedauras,  ke  si  sendis  la  infanon. 
Sed  jen  Linjo  revenas. 

La  patrino  tuj  ekvidas,  ke  la  infano  revenis  kun 
malplenaj  manjL  kaj  ree  sia  koro  dissirigas. 

"Nu,  kion  P'Mhpandas  la  patrino  malfacile  spi- 
rante.  ^ 

"La  spicisto  diris,  i^vi  mem  venu." 
"Cu  iu  estis  en  butmo?"  la  patrino  demandas. 
"Neniu,  niir  la  spicisto."  aJ^^l^'-^ijU^^^ 

La  patrino  ekspiras  pli  facile.  ^       ^^^ 

"Iru,  patrineto,  en  la  butikon — mi  volas  mangi/' 
petas  la  infano. 

"Jen  baldau  patreto  alvenos  kaj  tiam  mi  iros." 
"Kiam  patreto  alvenos  ?'' 
"Baldau,  Linjeto.    Li  devas  baldaii  alveni." 
"Mi  iros  en  la  straton  vidi  cu  li  jam  iras/'  ekdi- 
ris  la  malsata  knabineto. 
"Jes,  mia  infano,  iru !" 

Kaj  Linjo  forkuris  en  la  straton.  j, .  /^a^i^^aA^  ^ 

Poste  §i  tuj  alkuras  kun  granda  gojo.      aJunM^*^^^!  ^^^^^^  ^^,4^ 
"Rigardu,  patrineto,  rigardu!     Vidu  kion  mi      uA^i^ujfr*^ 
trovis  ?  monon !''  ,  tJj<ij . 


38  ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLAKCE 

Kaj  Lin  jo  montris  paperan  monbileton. 
"Dolaro !"  la  patrino  ekkriis  per  nehomaj  fortaj, 
"dolaro!     Infano  mia,  Linjeto!  Kiel?  Kie,  mia 
karulino  ?" 

"Apud  la  domo." 
La  virino  tremis  pro  felico. 
"Nun  mi  kuros  en  la  butikon  aceti  bonajn  man- 
yy      \  9     S^j^i^  ^^j   preparos  por  mia   felica  filineto   ka- 
5^<M.  (  /wi/t^y  7  ^  ran,  bonan  tagmangon/'  la  patrino  ekkriis  pro 


AyJ 


?0]0- 


'^^  iZrr^^         "Kaj   mi  scias  kin  perdis  la  dolaron/^   Linjo 
J,  £*/'iiiA'*»«-<*^-'  diris  tute  senkulpe. 
^,  ^^^^ff^"^^^       La  koro  de  1'  patrino  forte  ekf rapis. 
^  '  "Kiel  vi  scias  tion?" 

f(,^^^  J/aitrnii^4i^      "Mi  vidis  sinjorinon  Newman,  de  la  nnua  etago, 
serci  ion."  -/fr 

"Kiel  do  vi  scias  kion  si  sercis?" 
"Tesi,  sia  knabineto,  diris  al  mi :  Patrineto  per- 
dis monon/' 

"Cu  vi  diris  al  Tesi,  ke  vi  trovis  gin  ?"  demandas 
la  patrino  per  sufokita  voco. 

"Ne,  mi  ne  diris;  mi  venis  antaue  rakonti  al 
.    .       vi." 
c,^«./r^^fc^     gtono  defalis  de  la  koro  de  V  patrino. 

'     i^Oil^  /f**^-'^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^  vizago  kovrigas  per  multpeza  nubo. 
La  patrino  de  Linjo  ne  estas  malklera  virino; 
si  scias  la  signifon  de  infana  edukado,  kaj  tial  si 
•  'jtvT^***,  ciam  penadis  enradikigi  bonajn  morojn  en  la  ko- 
jlm,^Ua^  JL^,      reto  de  sia  malgranda  filineto. 

U.*^r>^r  ^-    S-^  *^--^  U    a.l..«^,.<J^    .r^ 


LcnrtY^^ 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  39        . 

"Kion  si  nun  f aru  ?  Kiel  agi  ?  Cu  si  f orprenu  .^jtZsj-^^  ^-~^ 
la  dolaron?  Kaj  se  Linjo  faros  demandojn?  Ju^-yf;^^^*  ' 
Kian  respondon  si  havos  ?  Kaj  se  Linjo  kuros  mal-  I  Li 

supren  kaj  babilos,  ke  si  trovis  la  dolaron?     Cu    ^       >.*• 
si  ordonu  al  Linjo  silenti  ?    Kiel  la  knabineto  kom-    ^^j^l^^l^rU^ 
prenos  tion?     Cu  si  ne  regardos  la  patrinon,  kiel      -/-//•  ^  . 
stelintinon  ?     Tiuj .  kaj  aliaj  similaj  pensoj  treege    Sc^-*^^'"^*-^^^'*^^/ 
turmentis  la  malfelican  patrinon.  ^^  ^^^^fil 

"Patrineto,  mi  iros  demandi  sinjorinon  New-  ^**^'/**'/ ^^^^ 
man :  cu  si  perdis  la  dolaron  ?"  Linjo  ekdiria  tute  ^^^  t^o-i^fUJiJi 
senkulpe.  MXJUfjlJ^f<^ 

"Jes.     Iru!"  k^:^n 

La  patrino  kun  koro  kvazaii  malviva  atendis  la  ^"^^/sf^  * .  /•  r 
revenon  de  Lmjo.  t±4.  sXZm^^  *^  ^ 

"Eble  la  infano  faras  ian  eraron.  Eble  la  r ^Mt.4^jt  frer^^ 
dolaro  ne  apartenas  al  sinjorino  N." — la  patrino  cu^^en^,  «nr- -^ 
provis  esperi.  Sed  sia  espero  baldaii  malaperis.  '2zC»^  ^  ^'^^T^ 
Linjo  revenis.  .^ira^^  *7*^^ 

"Jes,  patrinetOj  la  dolaro  estas  de  sinjorino  N.''^;*-.  ^iaJ^J^m^ 
"Kion  si  diris?''  demandas  la  patrino.  v'/t,;.>^  ^t^r*^  x^ 

^'^i  diris,  ke  mi  estas  tre  bona  knabino.     ^vv  ^^^^^i 
iris  en  kukejon^  acetis  kukojn  kaj  volis  doni  al    da^^^T'^^^r 


mi." 

"Nu,  kial  vi  ne  prenis?" 


.(g^^t^KZJLXu 


"yJi*'      '^^^  •'^  c.\2im  diris  al  mi,  ke  mi  nenion  prenu  d^' 
^      lu/'  Linjo  respondis  demandante,  per  voco  sufo-  ^^^^"^^£1  ^J. 
,4>ykata  de  larmoj,  kaj  ekploris.  ^^*«n,  i^  ^^i.^f^£^  ^^h!^!!3^'2i^^* 
«/         "Linjeto,   infano   mia !"   la   patrino   komencis.  ^-^  >u>-*-«-  ^M 

Jr.tJ '     -     j^^^t:.!^  1  JSyd-  f^^-^f^  ^'^'^^ ^^^- 


40p^  ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 

J^^  ^^i<*^^j/^isadi  la  inf anon.    "Jen  alvenas  patreto.    Kaj  mi 
-ry^^j^,  /•^-^^'^       acetos  por  vi  kukojn,  kiom  vi  nur  volos." 


^n^*^^^<^*tfT^  ^'Mi  estas  malsata,  patrineto!" 


Kaj  la  malfelica  patrino  ne  eltenis  plu  kaj  ek- 


^^  '^^^^J^^v^^ /ploris  kune  knn  sia  infano.  Sca,^^ 

^^^^  .i^'t^-M^  — ^^^  jargona  originalo  esperantigis.        ^^^ 

'y2i.  B,  V.  Eeich. 


'p 


I 


To  translate  any  Esperanto  text  one  must  look 
in  the  vocabulary,  which  contains  all  the  roots  and 
/  suffixes  without  their  endings  a,  o,  e,  etc. 


^  Jo  <xr»'*«^^'*^^^ 


/m.tfii^«*>*^ 


C£!!:!!---5^  '  ^ ^  ^  ESPERANTO — ENGLISH      ^  \_*^ 

This  contains  all  the  words  of  the  Universala 
Vortaro  of  Dr.  Zamenhof,  with  the  exception  of  a 
few  rarely  used  zoological  and  botanical  names  of 
Latin  origin,  and  a  small  number  of  words  taken 
from  the  English  language,  which  are  of  inter- 
national use  and  significance  (such  as  loJcomotiv' , 
talent',  horizontal',  etc.). 

Abbreviations  :  n. =noun ;  tr.  =:transitive ; 
intr.=intransitive;  t.^ termination;  e.:=ending; 
d.  or  den.  =:  denotes. 


a,  t.  of  adj. 
ahat',  abbot 
aheV,  bee 
ahi',  fir 

abon\  subscribe  (to  jour- 
nal) 
acer\  maple 
acid',  acid,  sour 
acet',  buy 
ad',  d.  duration 
adiau,  good-bye 


admir,  admire 

admon',  admonish 

ador,  adore 

adult',  to  commit   adul- 
tery 

aer',  air 

afaiV,  affable,  kind  .         * 

afeW,  to  be  affected, /!  ^.^  A^^  **^' 

afer,  affair,  business 
matter 

afranh',  put  stamp  on  a 
letter 
act 


ag 


41 


42 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


agV,  eagle 

agord\  tune  (instr.) 

agrahl',  agreeable 

ag\  age 

ajV,  garlic 

ajuj  ever;  kiu  who,  Iciu 
ajn  whoever 

aj' ,  d.  concrete  ideas 

aJccet,  to  hasten   (tr.) 
35j        akcent',  accent 
nw^ f       akcept',   accept,   welcome 
Mi'i^C^-  aJccipitr,  hawk 

a^ir',  acquire 

aA;7i',  pimple 

ahompan',  accompany 

dkr\  sharp 

alcrid',  grasshopper 

aJcs\  axle  * 

a^iAs'^  deliver  a  woman 

akv\  water 

al,  to 

alaud',  lark  (bird) 

o-Zi',  other 

almenaUj  at  least 

almoz,  alms 

a?^',  high 

altern,  alternate 

aZ^/.cZ',  allude 

alumet',  match,  lucifer 

am,  love 

amasy  crowd,  mass 

amhau,  both 

ambos,  anvil 

ameV,  starch 

amiJc',  friend 


amplehs,  extent 

amuz,  amuse 

an ,  d.  member 

anas',  duck 

angiV,  eel 

anguV,  corner,  angle 

angeV,  angel 

anim,  soul 

ankau,  also 

ankorau,  yet,  still 

an^-/,  anchor 

anonc,  announce 

anser,  goose 

anstatau,  instead  of 

anf ,  e.  of  pres.  part.  act. 

antau,  before 

antikv,  old  (hist.) 

apart',  separate  (adj.) 

aparten,  belong  . 

apenau,  scarcely  k^i^JA 

aper,  appear 

apog',  lean  (vb.) 

April',  April 

aproh',  approve 

apud,  near,  by 

ar^  d.  collection 

arane,  spider 

arh',  tree 

arc,  bow,  fiddlestick 

ar(^e',  heron 

ardez,  slate 

ar^tZ',  clay 

argent',  silver 

arA;',  arch,  bow 

arf ,  art 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


43 


artiflTc,  cunning 
artik',  joint 
as,  e.  of  pres.  tense 
at',  e.  of  pr.  part.  pas. 
ataki',  attack 
atenc,  attempt  (t/i^»njL) 
atend',  wait,  expect 
atenf,  attentive 
atesf,  attest,  certify 
ating\  attain,  arrive  at 
atut',  trump  (c-tJ^JL^ 
au,  or,  au.  .au  either,  .or 
aud',  hear 
August',  August 
aushuW,  listen 
autun\  autumn 
av,  grandfather 
avar',  avaricious 
aveV,  hazelnut 
aven',  oats 
aventur,  adventure 
avert',  warn 
avid',  covet,  eager  for 
azen,  ass,  donkey 
azot',  nitrogen 

B 

habiV,  chatter 

hagateV,  trifle 

hale',  bake 

hala',  sweep 

halanc',   s  w  ay,   swing 

(tr.) 
halhuf,  stammer 


haldau,  soon 

halen',  whale 

ban,  bathe  (tr.) 

bant',  bow  (of  ribbon) 

bapf,  baptize 

bar',  bar,  obstruct 

barakt',  struggle 

barb',  beard 

barbir,  barber 

bareV,  keg,  barrel 

bash',  coat  tail 

boston',  stick 

bat',  beat 

bataV,  fight 

bed',  bed  (garden) 

bedaur ,  pity,  regret 

beh',  beak 

beV,  beautiful,  fine 

ben,  bless 

benh',  bench 

ber,  berry 

best',  beast,  animal 

betuV,  birch  (tree) 

bezon',  need,  want 

&{e/i',  goods,  estate 

&ier',  beer 

bind',  bind    (books) 

&irc^',  bird 

blank',  white 

&/e^',  cry  (of  beasts) 

blind',  blind 

blond',  fair  (of  hair) 

&Zot;',  blow 

blu,  blue 

&o',  d.  relat.  by  marriage 


44 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


lijwJ^. 


hoat',  boat 

hof,  bark  (dog's) 

hoV,  boil  (intr.) 

hon,  good 

hor'y  bore  (tr.) 

&or(i',  shore,  bank 

h  order ,  border,  hem 

hors\  bourse,  exchange 

hot',  boot 

hotel',  bottle 

hov,  ox 

Irak',  arm  (of  the  body) 

hram',  bream 

brand',  branch 

brand',  brandy 

brasih',  cabbage 

bret',  shelf 

brid',  bridle 

brik',  brick 

briV,  shine  (intr.) 

broc',  brooch 

brod',  embroider 

brog,  scald 

bros',  brush 

bru,  noise 

brul',  bum  (intr.) 

brun,  brown 

brusf,  chest,  breast 

ftr-M-f ,  brute,  cattle 

bub',  lad,  urchin 

&wc',  slaughter 

buf,  toad 

5w^r,  ringlet,  curl 

but,  clod,  ball 

6wZ&',  bulb,  onion 


/ 


bulk',  roll   (bread) 
burd',  drone  (insect) 
&Mr^',  citizen 
burg  on ,  bud 
&ws',  mouth 
buter,  butter 
b utile',  shop 
buton,  button 

C 

cerf',  to  yield 

cejan,  cornflower 

eel',  aim,  object 

cend',  cent  (coin) 

cen^^  hundred 

cerb',  brain,  mind 

cert',  certain,  sure 

cerv',  deer 

ceter,  rest,  remaining 

cifer,  cypher,  numeral 

cigar',  cigar 

cigared',  cigarette 

cign,  swan 

cikoni',  stork 

cim',  bug 

cindr,  ash,  cinder 

cir',  shoe-polish 

cirhonstanc ,  c  i  r  c  u  m- 
stance 

cirkuler,  circular  (no- 
tice) 

cit' ,  cite,  mention 

citron,  lemon 

col',  inch 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  46 


cagren,  grieve  (tr.) 

darnbr,  room 

can',  cock  (of  a  gun) 

cap\  cap 

capeT,  hat 

capitr,  chapter 

car,  for,  because 

carlatan ,  charlatan 

carm,  charm 

carnir,  hinge 

carpent',  carpentry 

cas,  hunt,  chase 

cast',  chaste 

ce,  at,  with 

cef,  chief 

cemiz,  shirt 

cen',  chain 

ceriz,  cherry 

cerlc,  coffin 

cerp,    draw    (from   any 
source) 

ces,  cease,  desist 
'    fA^  cevaV,  horse 
**•/       /  ci,  d.  proximity:  tie 
'ci-tMV,       there;  tie  ci,  here 

cia,  every  (kind) 

ciam,  always 

die,  everywhere 

ciel,  in  every  manner 

cieV,  heaven,  sky 

dies,  everybody's 

cif,  crumple,  crease 

cifon,  rag 


ciJcan,  chicanery 

cio,  everything,  all 

ciom,  all  of  it 

cirkaUf  round,  about 

ciu,  each,  every  one 

ciz,  chisel,  carve 

cj',  d.  masc.  affect,  di- 
minutives 

cu,  whether;  asks  a  ques- 
tion uUju*  ^^^***-  ^  *4«  J"^  Ic^iv^rfiSttU 

D 

da  is  used  instead  of  de 

after  words  expressing 

weight     or     measure : 

junto     da    viando,     a 

pound  of  meat 
daJctil',  date  (fruit) 
danc,  dance 
dand',  dandy 
danger',  danger 

danlc,  thank  /  ^^        f 

dat',  date   (time)      cUUM/nv.  ^^ 
daur,  endure,  last 
de    of,  from;  with  pass. 

part,  hy 
dec,  becoming 
Decemhr,  December 
decid',  decide   (tr.) 
decifr,  decipher 
dedic ,  dedicate 
defend',  defend 
degel' ,  thaw 
dejor,  be  on  duty 


46 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


dek,  ten 

dehliv',  slope 

dekstr,  right-hand 

delir,  be  delirious 

demand',  ask 

dens',  dense,  close 

dent',  tooth 

denunc,  denounce 

depend',  depend 

des,  the   {ju..des  the.. 

the) 
desegn,  design 
detaV,  detail 
detru,  destroy 
dev  ,  must,  dev'ig'  compel 
deviz',  device,  motto 
dezert',  (the)  desert 
dezir,  desire,  wish 
Di',  God 
diahl',  devil 
diboc,  debauchery 
difeJct',  to  damage 
diferenc,  differ 
difin,  define,  destine 
dig',  dike 
dik',  thick,  stout 
dikt',  dictate 
diligent',  diligent 
dimanc,  Sunday 
dir',  say,  tell 
direkt' ,  direct,  steer 
dis',  d.  separation 
diskont',  discount 
dispon,  dispose 
disput',  dispute 


stine 


disting',  distinguish 

distr ,  distract 

diven,  divine,  guess 

divers',  various,  diverse 

divid',  divide 

do,  then,  accordingly 

dole',  sweet 

dolor',  pain,  ache 

dom',  house  _^ 

domag,  (it  is  a)  pity  nUfrtt^ 

don,  give  "^-^f^u^^, 

donac,  make  a  present 

dorlot',  coddle  . .  j 

dorm,  sleep  cU^'"^,*^^^ 

dorn,  thorn 

dors',  (the)  back 

dot',  dowry 

drap ,  woolen  cloth 

dras,  thrash 

dres',  train  (animal) 

drink',  drink  (to  excess) 

drog',  drug 

dron'y  drown,  sink  (intr.) 

du,  two 

dub',  doubt 

duk',  duke 

dum,    during,    while, 

whilst 
dung,  hire  (servant) 


E 


e,  t.  of  adv. 

eh  en,  even,  smooth 

ehV,  d.  possibility 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


41 


ec,  d.  abst.  idea 

ec,  even  (adv.) 

edif,  edify 

eduk',  educate 

edz\  husband 

efehtiv,  real,  actual 

efilc ,  have  effect 

eg',  d.  increase 

egaV,  equal 

e%\  echo 

ef,  d.  place  allotted  to 

ek',  d.  sudden  or  open- 
ing act 

eks',  ex-  (who  has  been) 

eJcscif,  excite 

eTcshurs',  trip 

ehsped',  dispatch 

eJcster,  outside 

elcsterm,  crush  out 

ekstrem,  extreme 

ekzamen,  examine 

ekzempV,  example 

eTczerc ,  exercise 

ekziV,  banish 

ehzist',  exist 

el,  out  of,   from   among 

elefant',  elephant 

eleM,  choose 

em\  d.  propensity 

embaras',  puzzle,  embar- 
rass 

emhush',  ambush 

enigm',  puzzle 

entrepren',  undertake 

enu'j  be  wearied 


envi ,  envy 
er,  d.  unit 
erar,  error,  mistake 
erinac,  hedgehog 
ermif,  hermit 
erp',  harrow 
escept',  except 
eslcadr,   squadron 
esper\  hope 
esplor',  explore 
esprirriy  express 
est',  be   (verb  aux.) 
estim ,  esteem 
esting,  extinguish 
estr ,  d.  chief 
esafod',  scaffold 
ef,  d.  diminution 
etag,  story    (of  house) 
etend',  extend  (tr.) 
etern,  eternal 
evit',  avoid 
ezoh' ,  pike  (fish) 


fah',  bean 

fab  el' ,  tale,  story 

fabV,  fable 

fabrih',  factory 

facil',  easy  /^y 

faden,  thread   ^^*^^^^^^X^ 

fag',  beech-tree       i^rt/^^'^'^^ 

fajf,  whistle 

fajl',  file  (tool) 

fajr',  fire  /  ^  ^^ 

fah',  compartment    jp^^h*^*^^*''^ 


48 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


faM,  fact 
faktur,  invoice 
faV,^  fall 

falc,  mow,  cut  grass 
fald',  fold 
falh'y  falcon 
fdls,  falsify 
fam,  fame,  rumour 
famili',  family 
fand',  cast  (metal) 
fantom',  ghost 
far,  do,  make 
faring',  pharynx 
farm',  take  on  lease 
fart',    be    (well    or    un- 
well) 
farun,  flour 
fask',  bundle 
fast',  fast  (vb.) 
fauk\  jaws,  gullet 
favor,  favour 
fazan',  pheasant 
fehr  ,  fever 
Fehruar,  February 
fee',  lees,  sediment 
fein',  fairy 
fel',  hide,  fleece 
felic,  happy,  lucky 
felt',  felt 
femur,  thigh 
/encZ',  split,  rive  (tr.) 
fenestr,  window 
fer ,  iron 

ferdek',  deck  (of  ship) 
ferm',  shut,  close 


fervor  ,  zeal 
/esf ,  festival 
festen',  banquet 
fianc,  betrothed 
fibr',  fibre 
^^',  to  rely  upon 
fidel',  faithful 
fier,  proud 

fig'y  fig 

^^i/r',  image,  represent 
fil',  son 
/i?t^',  fern 

fin,  end,  finish  (tr.) 
fingr',  finger 
^rm',  firm 
/?s',  fish 
flam',  flame 
flanJc',   side,   flank 
/Zar',   smell    (tr.) 
^af,  flatter 
flav',  yellow 
fieg',  nurse  (the  sick) 
fleJcs,  bend 
^iZ::'^  patch,  mend 
flirt',  flit,  flirt 
flok',  flake 
/Zor',  flower 
/?os',  raft 
flu,  flow 
M',^  fly  (vb.) 
fluid',  fluid 
^iff ,  flute 
foir,  fair  (subst.) 
/o;',   time    (three  times, 
&c.) 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


49 


fojn\  hay 
folc',  seal  (animal) 
foil,  leaf,  sheet 
fond',  found,  start 
font',  spring,  fount 
fontan,  fountain 
for,  forth,  out,  away 
forges',  forget 
forg',  forge,  smithy 
fork',  fork 
form',  shape 
formik',  ant 
forn,  stove,  furnace 
fort',  strength 
fortik',  strong,  solid 
fos',^  dig 
fost',  post,  stake 
frag',  strawberry 
fraf,  spawn 
frak',  dress  coat 
frakas,  shatter 
fraksen,  ash  (tree) 
framason,  freemason 
framh',  raspberry 
fraud',  -ajo,  sweets,  dain- 
ties 
frang,  fringe 
frap,  hit,  strike 
fraf,  brother 
frauV,  bachelor 
fremd',  foreign 
frenez,  crazy,  mad 
fres,  fresh,  new 
fripon,  rogue 
friz',  dress  (hair) 


fromag,  cheese 

frost',  frost 

frot',  rub 

fru,  early 

frugileg',  rook 

frukt',  fruit 

frunt',  forehead 

ftiz,  phthisis 

fulg',  soot 

fulm,  lightning 

fum',  smoke 

fund',  bottom 

fundament' ,  foundation 

funehr,  funeral 

funeV,  funnel 

fung',  mushroom 

funt',  pound 

furag,  forage 

furioz,  rage 

fus,  bungle 

fut',  foot  (measure) 


ga]  ,gay,  merry 

gajn,  gain,  earn 

gar,ga\\ 

galos,  rubber-shoe 

gamas,  gaiter 

gant',  glove 

garanti',  guarantee  / 

garl',  sheaf,  shock   ^^'^'^^^^^^ 

gard' ,  guard 

gar  gar ,  rinse,  gargle 

gas',  gas 


50 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


vii/Li^ 


gast',  guest 

grinc,  to  grate  (intr.) 

gazet\  newspaper 

griz,  grey 

ge,  d.  both  sexes 

gros,  gooseberry 

general',    general    (mili- 

gru, crane  (bird) 

tary  officer) 

grup,  group 

gent'^  tribe 

gudr,  tar 

genu,  knee 

gum',  gum,  mucilage 

gest',  gesture 

gurd',  barrel  organ 

glaci,  ice 

gust',  taste  (noun) 

glad',  to  iron 

gut',  drop,  drip 

glan,  acorn 

guvern',   -istino,   govern- 

glas',  glass,  tumbler 

ess 

glat',  smooth                 / 
glav,  sword  a/^  ^^^*<^. 

gvardi',  guard  (military) 

gvid',  to  guide 

glW,  glide,  slide 

gloh' ,  globe 

G 

glor,  glory 

glu,^  glue 

garden',  garden 

^Zwf,  swallow  (vb.) 

gem',  groan 

gorg,  throat 

gen,  incommode 

^raci',  graceful 

general',  general   (adj.) 

grad' ,  degree 

gentiV,  polite 

graf,  earl,  count 

germ',  germ 

grajn,  a  grain,  pip 

gi,  it 

grand',  great,  tall 

^i6',  hump 

gras',  fat 

giraf,  giraffe 

graf,  scratch 

^is^  until,  as  far  as 

gratuV,  congratulate 

§oj\  m,  glad 

grav',  important 

gu,  enjoy 

graved',  pregnant 

^ws^',  exact,  right 

gravur',  engrave 

gren'j  grain 

H 

gri',  gruel 

grifeV,  slatepencil 

ha,  ah 

griV,  cricket  (insect) 

7ia;7',  hail 

ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


51 


hah',  to  chop 
liaT ,  great  room,  hall 
haladz,  bad  exhalation 
JiaW,  stop  (intr.) 
liar',  hair 
hard',  harden 
haring',  herring 
harp ,  harp 
haut' ,  skin,  hairless 
hav,  have 

haven,  port,  harbour 
heder,  ivy 
hejm',  home 
/le/f,  heat  (vb.) 
Bjjf^  Tier,  bright,  glaring 
j/jLf^     help ,  help 
•^    hepat',  liver 
/ier6',  grass 
hered',  inherit 
Tiero',  hero 
hierau,  yesterday 
hipohrit',  feign 
hirud',  leech 
hirund',  swallow  (bird) 
histrih' ,  porcupine 
ho!  oh! 
hodiau,  to-day 
hole',  hook 
Tiom',  man 
honest',  honest 
honor ,  honour 
hont',  shame 
hor',  hour 
horde,  barley 
horlog,  clock,  watch 


^4ji£. 


hosti,  sacred  host 
huf,  hoof 
humil',  humble 
humor',  humour,  temper 
hund',  dog 

H 

%aos  ,  chaos 
fiemi',  chemical 
fiimer,  chimera 
holer',  cholera 
fior',  chorus,  choir 


i,  t.  of  infinitive 
ia,  some  (any)  kind 
ial^  for  some  (any)  cause, 

reason 
iam,  at  some  (any)  time, 

ever,  once 
id',  d.  descendant  of 
ide',  idea 

ie,  some-,  anywhere 
iel,  some-,  anyhow 
ies,  some-,  any  one's 
ig',  d.  causing  to  be 
ig',  d.  becoming 
il',  d.  instrument 
ill,  they,  them 
ilumin,  illuminate 
imag',  imagine 
imit' ,  imitate 
imperi',  empire 


62 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


implik',  entangle 
impres,   impression   felt, 

influence 
in',  d.  feminine 
incif,     provoke,     incite, 

tease 
ind',  d.  worthy  of 
indign',  indignant 
indulg,  to  be  indulgent 
infan,  child 
infeht'y  infect 
infer ,  hell 
influ,  influence 
ing',  d.  holder 
iniciat',  initiate 
inJc',  ink 

inhlin,  inclined  to 
inselct'y  insect 
insid\  ensnare 
instig',  instigate 
instrii,  teach 
insuV,  island 
insult',  insult,  abuse 
int',  past  part.  act. 
intend ,  intend 
inter,  between,  among 
interes,  interest 
intern ,  inner,  inside 
intest',  intestine 
intrig',  to  plot 
invit',  invite 
io,  some-,  anything 
iom',  a  little,  some,  rather 
iV,  go 
is,  d.  past  tense 


ist',  d.  profession 
it',  d.  past  part. 
iu,  some-,  any  one 
izoV,  isolate 

J 

j,  t.  of  the  plural  . 

ja,  in  fact  tl^\Jlj^ 

jak',  jacket 

jam,  already 

Januar,  January 

jar,  year 

je,  indefinite  preposition 

jen,  behold !  lo  ! 

jes,  yes 

ju — des,  the . .  the 

jug',  yoke 

jugland' ,  walnut    .  ^        f^. 

jug',  judge   i^t^f^^ 

juk' ,  itch  ^ 

Juli,  July 

jun,  young 

jung',  to  couple,  harness 

Juni',  June 

jup,  petticoat,  skirt 

ju^t',  just,  righteous 

juveV,  jewel 

J 

jaluz,  jealous 
jaud',  Thursday 
jet',  throw 
jongV,  juggle 


iJiA 


jur ,  swear 

jus' ,    just,    at    the    very 
moment 


Tcac',  pap 

Tcadr ,  frame      /  .•J, 

leaduh',  frail  th^V\/f^ 

leaf ,  coffee 

hag,  cage 

TcaheV,  dutch  tile 

Z;ay,  and 

Jcajer,  paper-covered  book 

hajut\  cabin,  hut 

IcaV,  corn   (on  foot) 

Jcaldron'j  boiler 

Icales ,  carriage 

Icalih',  chalice,  cup 

tcdlh',  lime 
jj  r,  halTcan,  heel 
XJc/y'lcancuV ,  reckon 
> HxL^^f^^^^^' '>  nnderdrawers 
f  'Jcalumni,  slander 

hamhi',  bill  of  exchange 

IcameV,  camel 

Teamen',  fireplace 

learner ,  camera 

iSCJ^^^^'^  field  . 

^^Ican',  csiJie(JU^a^J 

/^[^'^  Tcandb',  hemp  ^ 
IcanajV,  scoundrel 
hanap,  sofa,  lounge 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE  53 


leankr' ,  crayfish 
Icani! ,  sing 
leap ,  head 
IcapabV,  capable 


Teanari',  canary  A£V^  ^ 


IcandeV,  candle 


leapr,  goat 
leapric,  whim 
kapt',  catch 
lear,  dear 

learaf,  carafe,  decanter 
learV,  coal 
hard',  thistle 
hares',  caress 
harot',  carrot 
harp,  carp  (fish) 
A:arf,  card,  map 
harton,  cardboard 
has',  cash  box 
haserol' ,  stewpan 
hash',  helmet 
hasteV,  castle 
hastor,  beaver 
has,  hide  (vb.) 
hastan,  chestnut 
hat',  cat 
hatar,  catarrh 
haten',  fetter 
hauz,  cause 
Zi^tti;',  cave,  hollow 
havern,  cavern 
haz',  case   (gram.) 
he,  that  (conj.) 
A;er,  cellar 
heW,  some,  several 
helner,  waiter 


64 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


hern,  kernel 
Tcest' ,  chest,  box 
hia,  what  kind  of 
Icial,  why,  wherefore 
Tciam,  when 
hie,  where 
hiel,  how,  as 
hies,  whose 
hio,  what  (thing) 
hiom,  how  much 
his ,  kiss 
fcm,  who,  which 
hlaft',  fathom  (ms.) 
Mar,  clear,  plain 
Mas',  class,  sort 
Mav',  key  (piano) 
A;Zer',  educated 
hlin',  bend,  incline 
hlopod',  take  trouble 
AjZwz',  sluice 
hnab',  boy 
hned',  to  knead 
hohold',  goblin,  imp 
Aroyn',  wedge 
ifcoA;',  cock 
hohs',  hip 
^or,  neck 
holhas  ,  sausage 
holeg',  colleague 
holeht' ,  collect 
holer ,  angry 
holomh' ,  dove 
holon ,  column 
holor,  colour 
hol'um,  collar 


horn,  comma 

homb',  comb 

homenc',  commence  (tr.) 

homerc,  trade 

homfort',  comfort 

homisi',  commission 

homitat',  committee 

homiz,  clerk 

homod' ,  chest  of  drawers 

hompar,  compare 

hompat',  to  pity 

homplez ,  obliging,  kind 

hompost',  set  (type) 

hompren',  understand 

homun',  common 

hon' ,  know  (be  acquaint- 
ed with) 

hondamn,  condemn 

hondic,  stipulation 

honduh',  to  conduct 

honduf,  to  behave 

honfid',  to  trust 

honfuz,  to  confuse 

honh',  shell 

honhlud',  conclude,  infer 

honhur,  compete 

honhurs,  enter  into  com- 
petition 

honsci',  be  conscious 

honserv,  preserve 

honsiV,  to  advise 

honsol',  console 

honstat',  to  state,  estab- 
lish (a  fact) 

honstern',  amaze 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


56 


Jconstru,  to  build 

Icontant',  cash  down 

Icontor,  office  (com.) 

hontrau,  against 

Iconven,  to  suit,  befitting 

Iconvinh',  convince 

Tcor,  heart 

l^orh',  basket 

Tcord',  cord   (music) 

Icoreht',  to  correct 

Icorh',  cork 

Icorn,  horn 

horp,  body 

Icort',  court,  yard 

Icorv',  raven 

Z;o5f ,  cost,  price 

hof,  dirt 

hoton,  cotton 

Jcoturn,  quail  (bird) 

^oi;',  to  brood 

Tcovert',  envelope 

hovr,  cover 

Tcrac,  spit  (saliva) 

Icrad',  grate 

Icrajon,  pencil 
1^     Icramp,  clamp 
AAf^    hran,  tap,  spigot 
\j^ji/Z    Icrani ,  skull 

Tcravat',  cravat 

A:re',   create 

Icred'y  believe 

Jcrem',  cream 

hren,     horse-radish 
(wild) 

Tcresh',  grow,  increase 


hret'y  chalk 
Icrev,  burst  (intr.) 
lcri\  cry,  shout 
IcriW,  to  sift 
Icrim',  crime 
IcripV,  crippled 
A;roc',  hook  to,  cling  to 
Tcrom,    besides,     in    ad- 
dition to 
Jcron,  crown 
kroz',  to  cruise 
kruc,  jug,  pitcher 
hruc,  cross 
Tcrud',  raw 
IcrueV,  cruel' 
A;rwr',  leg 
A;ri/^',  steep 
hubut' ,  elbow 
Icudr',  sew 
^i/f,  woman's  cap 
TcugV,  bullet 
A:mr',  cook 
huh' ,  cooky,  cake 
huhoV,  cuckoo 
hukum',  cucumber 
huhurh',  pumpkin 
huV,  gnat 
huler ,  spoon 
hulp,  fault,  blame 
hurt,  with,  A;i^7i'e  together 
hunihl',  rabbit 
hupr,  copper 
hur',  to  run 
hurac,  cure,  treat 
hurag',  courage 


66 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


Tcurh',  curve 
Tcurten,  curtain 
husen,  cushion 
Tcus,  lie  (down) 
kutim',  custom 
kuv',  tub,  vat 
kuz,  cousin 
kvankam,  although 
kvant',  quantity 
kvar,  four 
kvartal',      quarter 

town) 
kvazau,  as  if 
kverk',  oak 
kviet',  calm 
kvin,  five 
kvitanc,  receipt 


V,  la,  the 
labor ,  labour 
lac,  weary,  tired 
lacert',  lizard 
lac,  lace   (boot) 
lad',  tin  plate 
laf,  lava 
lag',  lake 
lak',  varnish 
lake',  lackey 
laks',  diarrhoea 
lakt',  milk 
lam,  lame 
lamp ,  lamp 
Ian,  wool 
land',  land,  country 


{glvufu^j 


(of 


kn^',  tongu( 

lantern ,  lantern 

lanug',  down,  fluff 

/ar^',  bacon  * 

larg,  broad,  wide 

laring ,  larynx 

larm',  tear  (of  eye) 

las',  leave,  let 

last',  last,  latest 

lau,  according  to 

laub,  green  arbour 

laud',  praise 

laut',  loud,  aloud 

lav,  wash 

lecion,  lesson 

led',  leather 

leg',  read 

legom',  vegetable 

leg,  law 

/Lf,  lentil     *ttSwbt'5l^^^ 
lentug',  freckle  <^i^>C^v 

Zeon',  lion 
lepor',  hare 
Zerri',  learn 
lert',  skilful,  clever 
le>ter,  letter,  epistle 
lev,  lift,  raise 
Zi,  he  (him) 
liher,  free 
Zt&r',  book 
lien,  spleen 
Kg',  bind,  tie 
lign,     wood     (the    sub- 
stance) 


ESPEEANTO    AT   A    GLANCE 


57 


Urn',   limit 
limah',  snail  ifou-^ 
lin,   flax  ^ 

lingv ,  language 
lini',  line 
lip ,  lip 
?^f ,  bed 

liter ,   letter    (of  the  al- 
phabet) 
liver ,  supply,  deliver 
log',  entice 
log,  to  lodge,  live 
loTc',  place,  locality 
long',  long 
lorn',  opera-glass 
lot',  draw  lots 
lu',  rent 
?t/-(i',  play 
luV,  lull  asleep 
Zi/.m',  light,  'i  to  shine 
lumh',  loins 
Zt/*rt',  moon 
Zwnd',  Monday 
Zi^p',  wolf 
lupol',  hops 
Zw5^r',  chandelier 
lut',  solder 
Zi^^/,  otter 

M 

mac,  unleavened  bread 
mac,  chew 
m/igazen',  warehouse 
magi!,  magic 


Maf,  May 
majest',  majesty 
majstr,      master      (pro- 
fession) 
mahler',  broker 
makul',  stain,  spot 
makzeV,  jaw 
maV ,  d.  opposites 
malgrau,  in  spite  of 
mam',  breast  (female) 
ma/i',  hand 
mang',  to  eat 
manier ,  manner 
manik',  sleeve 
mank',  lack,  want 
mar,  sea 
marc,  swamp 
mar  Sand',  to  bargain 
mard',  Tuesday 
mark',  mark,  stamp 
marmor ,  marble 
Mart',  March 
mars,  march 
marteV,  hammer 
mason,  do  mason's  work 
mast' ,  mast 

mastr,  master  (of  house) 
mas',  mesh 
masin,  machine 
maten,  morning 
matrac,   mattress 
matur ,  ripe 

melV,  piece  of  furniture 
mec,  wick 
me-yZ',  mile 


68 


ESPEEANTO    AT    A    GLANCE 


met,  badger 
mehagr',  turkey 
melk',  milk  (vb.) 
mem,  self,  selves 
memhr ,  member 
memor',  memory 
mend ,  order  (goods) 
mensog',  tell  a  lie 
menton ,  chin 
merit',  merit 
merhred',  Wednesday 
met',  put,  place 
meti',  handicraft 
mev',  sea-gull 
mez,  middle 
mezur,  measure 
mi,  I  (me) 
mieV,  honey 
mien ,  mien 
migdaV,  almond 
migr,  migrate 
miles',  mix 
mil,  thousand 
mint' ,  war 
minac,  to  threaten 
miop,  short-sight 
miozot',  forget-me-not 
mir,  wonder 
mister',  mystery 
mizer ,  misery 
moder,  moderate 
modest',  modest 
mole',  to  mock 
moV,  soft 
mon'j  money 


monafi',  monk 

monarV,  monarch 

monat' ,  month 

mond',  world 

mont' ,  mountain 

montr,  show 

mor,  habit,  usage 

morbil',  measles 

mord',  bite 

morgan,  to-morrow 

mort',  die 

morter,  mortar 

most',  general  title.  Vi'a 
reg'a  most'o,  your  maj- 
esty, vi'a  most'o,  your 
honour 

mov',  move  (tr.) 

muet,  mill  vItT 

mug',  to  roar  (wind,  &c.) 

muk',  mucus 

mult',  much,  many 

mur,  wall 

mus',  mouse 

mush',  moss 

muskol' ,  muscle 

mustard',  mustard 

mus ,  fly   (a) 

mut',  dumb 


N 

n,  end.  of  direct  obj. 
naci',  nation 
nag',  swim 


ESPEEANTO    AT   A    GLANCE 


59 


najhar,  neighbour 
najl',  nail 

najtingal',  nightingale 
nap',  turnip 
nasJc',  give  oirth 

nasTiig ,  be  born 
natur',  nature 
nau,  nine 
nauz',  to  sicken 
naz',  nose 
ne^  no,  not 
nebul' ,  fog 
neces,  necessary 
negoc,  business 
neg,  snow 

neh — neJc,  neither — nor 
nenia,  no  kind  of 
neniam,  never 
nenie,  nowhere 
neniel,  nohow 
nenies,  no  one's 
nenio,  nothing 
neniom,  not  a  bit 
neniu,  nobody 
nep,  grandson 
nepr,  unfailingly 
nest\  nest 
net',  clean  copy 
nev' ,  nephew 
ni,  we,  us 
nigr     black 
niveV,  level 

nj ,  d.  fern,  affect,  dim. 
nohel',  nobleman 
nohV,  noble 


noht' ,  night 

nom',  name 

nombr,  number 

nort^',  north 

nov,  new 

Novemhr,  November 

nul  well! 

nuanc,  shade,  hue 

nub',  cloud 

ni^^',  naked 

wwZ;',  nape  of  neck 

nuks,  nut 

nuV ,  zero 

numer',  number  (No.) 

nun,  now 

wi/r^  only   (adv.) 

nutr,  nourish,  feed 


0,  end.  of  nouns 

obe,  obey 

ohjeht',  thing,  object 

obr,  .  .-fold,  duo'bV,  two- 
fold 

obstin,  obstinate 

odor,  odour,  smell 

of  end',  offend  ^   /      A 

ofer,  to  offer   (as  sacri-  Offff^^/^/ 
fice,  gift,  &c.)  foiaTui   Jg. 

o^c,  office  (employment)  ^^    •  J  ^ 

o/f ,  often  "\a/n/Lf  f^ 

oh,  eight  »  /^ 

oA;^;^',  occur,  -o  occasion, 
case 


60 


ESPEEANTO    AT   A    GLANCE 


olccident',  west 

OMohr,  October 

okuV,  eye 

ohup,  occupy 

ol,  than 

ole,  oil 

omar,  lobster 

ombr ,  shadow 

omhreV ,  umbrella 

on,  d.  fractions 

ond\  wave 

oni,  one,  people,  they 

onhl' ,  uncle 

oni\  end.  fut.  part.  act. 

op,  d.  collective  numer- 
als 

opini',  to  opine 

oportun,  handy 

or,  gold 

ord\  order,  regularity 

or  den ,  order  (decora- 
tion) 

ordon',  order,  command 

Orel' ,  ear 

orf,  orphan 

orgen',  organ  (music) 

orient' ,  east 

or  nam,  ornament 

OS,  end.  of  fut.  tense 

osced',  yawn 

ost',  bone 

ostr',  oyster 

of,  end.  fut.  part.  pass. 

ov,  egg 

oval',  oval 


pac ,  peace 
pacienc',  patience 
paf,  shoot,  fire 
pag,  pay 


pag,  page  (book)    A^^^C^/j 

pajV,  straw  f  IjQ^ 

pak',  pack,  put  up  v  irfr^J* 

pal',  pale 

palac,  palace 

palls',  stake 

pa?p',  touch,  feel 

palpehr,  eyelid 

/?an',  bread 

pantalon,  trousers 

pantofl',  slipper 

pap,  pope 

papag',  parrot 

papav',  poppy 

paper',  paper 

papili,  butterfly 

;?a/ ,  pair,  brace 

pardon ,  forgive 

parenc,  relation 

parTcer',  by  heart 

parol',  speak 

j5arf ,  part 

parti',  party,  partial  j^ 

pa.',  pass  A^MUJAe^ 

paser ,  sparrow     /••^  ^^/j^ 

pasi',  passion 

pasZ;',  Easter 

past',  paste  ^  j__  .„ 

pasiec',  pie  •^^-^t^^t^ 


ESPEEANTO    AT   A   GLANCE 


61 


hn, 


pastr,  priest,  pastor 

pas,  to  step 

past\  pasture  (for  cattle) 

pat\  frying-pan 

*patr',  father 

pauz,  to  pause 

pav',  peacock 

pavim',  pavement 

pec,  piece 

pec',  pitch 

peg',  woodpecker 

pejzag,  landscape 

pek',  sin 

pehV,  to  pickle 

pel',  drive,  chase  away 

pelt',  fur 

pelv,  basin 

pen,  endeavour^ 

pend',  hang  (intr.^ 

penih' ,  paint-t3rush 

pens',  think 

pent',  to  repent 

pentr,  paint 

pep',  to  chirp 

per,  by  means  of,  with 

perc,  perch  (fish) 

perd',  lose 

perdrih',  partridge 

pere,  perish 

perfeM,  to  perfect 

perfid',  betray 

per g amen,  parchment 

perl',  pearl 

permes,  permit 

peron',  front-steps,  stoop 


itr.)  (J 


persih',  peach 

pes',  weigh  (tr.) 

pest',  plague 

pet',  request,  beg 

petoV,   be   roguish,    play 

the  wanton 
petrol',  paraffin  oil 
petroseV,  parsley 
pez,  weigh  (intr.) 
pi,  pious 
pied',  foot  (leg) 
pig,  magpie 
pih',  prick,  sting 
pilh',  ball  (for  playing) 
/nV,  pine-tree 
pine,  pinch 
pingT ,  pin 
pint',  pointed 
pip,  pipe  (tobacco) 
pipr,  pepper 
pir,  pear 
pirit',  gravel 
pist',  to  pound,  crush 
piz,  pea 

;?Zac',  public  square 
plac',  please 
plad',  plate 
plafon',  ceiling 
pland',  sole  (of  the  foot) 
planJc',  floor 
plant',  plant  (vb.) 
;??af ,  flat,  plain 
plaud,  clap 
p?e/,  most 
plekt',  weave,  plait 


62 


ESPEEANTO    AT    A    GLANCE 


plen,  full 
plend',  complain 
plet',  tray 
plezur,  pleasure 
pU,  more 

plor',  mourn,  weep 
plu,  further,  longer 
plug',  plough 
plum',  pen 
plumb',  lead   (metal) 
pluv',  rain 

po,  apiece,  at  rate  of 
pohaV,  cup,  goblet 
polic,  police 
poligon,  buckwheat 
/»—  polur ,  polish      ,  / 


pom,  apple 

ponard',  dagger 

pont',  bridge 

popV,  poplar-tree 

popoV,  people 

por,  for,  for  benefit  of 

pord',   door 

porh',  hog,  pig 

port',  wear,  carry 

posed',  possess 

postj  after,  behind 

posten',  garrison,  station 

postuV,  require,  demand 

pos,  pocket 

post',  post,  mail 

potenc',  mighty 

pov,  be  able,  can,  could 


pra{avo),  great  (grand- 
father) 

prav ,  right  (adj.) 

pre  dp,  chiefly 

preciz,  precise 

predih',  preach 

prefer  ,  prefer 

preg,  pray 

prem',  press 

premi',  prize  (subst.) 

pren,  take 

pres',  print   (vb.) 

presJcau,  almost 

pret',  ready 

preter,   beyond    (prep.) 

prez,  price 

prezent',  to  present 

;7n,  (Concerning,  about 

princ,  prince 

princip,  principle 

printemp,  springtime 

privat',  private 

pro,  owing  to,  for  the  sake 
of 

procent',  interest  . 

proces,  lawsuit  j   y^ 

produM',  V^^^^^^A^^TT^^^ 

profund',  deep        /  J*''  4^   ^ 

prolcrast',  to  delay    /Xt^^« 

prohsim',   near 

promen',  to  walk,  stroll 

promes,  promise 

propon,  propose 

propr'y  (one's)  own 

prosper  f  succeed,  thrive 


ESPERANTO 

prov',  try^  wQX^ 

proviz,  provide 

prujn,  hoar  (frost) 

prun,  plum 

prunt' ,  to  lend 
/        pruv,  to  prove 
i/lO  pugn,  fist 
^5-   ;?2z^r,  flea 

/      pulm\  lung 
.d5C«/(,  ^ii/i;'^  gunpowder 

pulvor,  powder 

pump',  to  pump 

pun ,  to  punish 

punM',  point 

punt',  lace 

^w/?',  doll 

pi/?'',  pure 

/m^',  pus,  matter 

pifs',  push 

put',  well  (subst.) 

pw^r',  to  rot 


rah',  rob 

rabat',  rebate,  discount 
rob  en,  rabbi 
robot',  to  plane 
ra<i',  wheel 
m^f ,  beam,  ray 
radih',  root 
rafan,  horseradish 
rafin,  refine 

m;^',  to  ride   (on  horse- 
back) 


AT   A    GLANCE 


63 


rajt',  right,  authority 

rakont',  relate 

ramp',  crawl 

ran ,  frog 

ratic',  rancid 

rand',  edge,  margin 

rang',  rank,  grade 

rap',  long  radish 

rapid' ,  quick,  rapid 

raport' ,  report 

rast',  to  rake 

rat',  rat 

rauh',  hoarse 

raup,  caterpillar 

rav ,  ravish,  delight 

raz,  shave 

re,  d.  again,  back 

redaJcci',  editorial  office 

reg',  rule,  govern  ^-  y - 

re^ar,  regale  f\xAa^,^Uf^^^ 

regn.  State,  realm        <7  (7 

reguV,  rule 

re,^',  king 

rehompenc ,  reward 

reA;^',  straight 

reV,  rail 

rem',  to  row 

rembur,  to  stuff  (chair) 

rempar ,  bulwark 

ren,  kidney 

renTcont' ,  meet 

renvers',  upset  ..^a 

respond',  reply*  CZ/A^  tA>^^^^^_  _ 

resf ,  remain 

restoraci',  restaurant 


64 


ESPERANTO    AT   A    GLANCE 


ret' J  net 

rev' ,  day-dream 

rezuUat',  result 

rih',  currant 

riheV,  to  rebel 

ricev,  obtain,  get,  receive 

ric',  rich 

rid! ,  laugh 

rifug,  take  refuge 

rifuz,  to  refuse 

rigard',  look  at 

rigV,  bolt 

rikoW,  reap 

rilat',  relate  to,  concern 

rim,  rhyme 

rimarh',  to  notice 

rimed',  means 

rimen,  strap 

ring',  ring  (subst.) 

np',  rib 

ripet',  repeat 

ripoz,  repose,  rest 

riproc',  reproach 

river ,  river 

riz',  rice 

rod',  roadstead 

romp',  break 

rond',  round,  circle 

ronTc',  to  snore 

ros,  dew 

rosf ,  roast 

rostr,  trunk  (of  anim.) 

rof ,  company  (military) 

roz',  rose 

n^&',  rubbish 


ruhand',  ribbon 
rub  en,  ruby 
rug,  red 
rifArf ,  eructate 
ri^r,  roll  (tr.) 
ru^t',  rust  (tr.) 
ruz,  trick,  ruse 


sdbaf,  Saturday 

sahl',  sand 

sa^',  arrow 

m^',  wise 

sak',  sack 

sar,  salt 

salat',  salad 

salajr  ,  salary 

salik',  willow 

salm' ,  salmon 

salt',  leap,  jump 

salut',  salute,  greet 

sam',  same 

san',  health 

sang,  blood 

sankt',  holy 

sa/,  soap 

sarZ;',  to  weed 

sat',  satiated 

sauc ,  sauce 

sav  ,  save 

sa',  know  (mentally) 

scienc,  science 

sciur,  squirrel 

se,  if 

seh'j  grease,  fat 


ESPERANTO    AT    A    GLANCE 


65 


sed,  but 

seg\  saw 

seg,  seat,  chair 

seh',  dry 

seJcaV,  rye 

sekc,  dissect 

selcs',  sex 

seJcv,  follow 

sel\  saddle 

sem',  sow 

semajn,  week 

sen,  without 

senCf  sense 

send',  send 

sewf ,  feel,  perceive 

sep,  seven 

Septemhr'y  September 

sere,  search 

seri',  series 

serioz,  serious 

serur',  lock  (subst.) 

serv,  serve 

565,    six 

sezon',  season 

si,  him-,  her-,  it-,  one- 
self, themselves  (re- 
flexive) 

sxbV,  to  hiss 

sid',  sit 

sieg,  besiege 

sigeV,  seal  (vb.) 

sign ,  sign,  token 

5i^ni/',  signify 

silab',  syllable,  silab'i  to 
spell 


silent',  to  be  silent 
si?i^',  flint 
silh' ,  silk 
stmt',  monkey 
simiV,  like,  similar 
simpV,  simple 
singuW,  hiccup 
sinjor'y  Sir,  Mr. 
sit  el' ,  bucket 
situaci',  situation 
skal',  scale 

skapoV,  shoulder-blade 
skarah',  beetle 
shatoV,  small  box 
skerm'f  to  fence  (sword) 
5^t2!',  to  sketch 
sklav',  slave 
skrib',  write 
5^:^',  shake 
skulpf,  sculpture 
skvam,  scale  (fish) 
smerald',  emerald 
so&r',  sober 
societ',  society 
soif,  thirst 
so/r,  threshold 
sol' ,  only,  alone 
soldat',  soldier 
sol  en,  solemn 
solv',  loosen,  solve 
somer,  summer 
son,  sound  (subst.) 
song,  dream 
sonor,  give  out  a  sound 
(as  a  bell) 


66 


ESPEEANTO    AT   A    GLANCE 


sopir,  long  for 
sorb',  absorb 
sore,  witchcraft 
sovag,  wild,  savage 
sort',  fate,  lot 
spac  ,  space 
spec',  kind,  species 
spegul',  mirror 
spert',  experience 
spez',  el'spez  disburse,  en'- 
spez    receive    (money) 
spic,  spice 
spile',  ear  (of  corn) 
spin,  spine 
spinac',  spinach 
spir,  breathe 
spirit',  spirit,  mind 
spit',  in  defiance  (of) 
spong,  sponge 
sprit',  wit 
spron',  spur 
sput',  expectorate 
stab',  staff  (milit.) 
stabV,  trestle,  frame-work 
staci',  station  ^A-AiW^^ 
staV ,  stall,  sty  AfZ»^ 
stamp ,  stamp,  mark 
start',  tin 
standard',  flag 
stang',  pole 
star,  stand 
stat',  state,  condition 
steb',  stitch 
stet,  star 
sterTc',  manure 


stern',   stretch   out,   -ita, 

prostrate 
stertor,  (death)  rattle 
stomalc',  stomach 
strab',  squint 
Strang ,  strange,  peculiar 
straf,  street 
strec,  stretch 
streTc,  streak,  line 
stri',  stripe,  wide  streak 
strig',  owl 
strut',  ostrich 
stup',  tow  (subst.) 
sturn,  starling 
sub,  under,  beneath 
subif,  sudden 
sue,  suck 
sud',  south 
sufer,  suffer 
sufic,  sufficient 
sufoTc',  suffocate  (tr.) 
suh',  sap,  juice 
sukcen',  amber 
sukces' ,  succeed 
suker,  sugar 
sulfur ,  sulphur 
sulk',  wrinkle 
sun,  sun 
sup',  soup 
super,  over,  above 
supoz,  suppose 
supr,  upper    (adj.) 
sur,  upon,  on 
surd',  deaf 
surtut'y  overcoat 


ESPEEANTO    AT   A   GLANCE 


67 


svat\      arrange      matri- 
mony 
sven,  to  swoon 
sving,  brandish,  wave 


saf,  sheep 

sajn',  seem 

sdk',  chess 

sancel',  shake  (tr.y 

sang,  change  (tr.) 

sarg,  load  (a  gun) 

sarg',  load,  burden 

sat',  to  prize,  like 

swum',  foam,  spray 

seV,  shell,  peel,  rind 

selh',  braces,  suspenders 

sere,  joke 

si,  she  (her) 

slid',  shield 

Sim,  mould 

sind',  shingle 

sink',  ham 

sip,  ship 

sir,  tear,  rend 

sirm',  shelter 

slim',  mud 

slos,  lock,  fasten 

smac',  hearty  kiss 

smir,  smear,  anoint 

snur,  string 

sov,  push  forward 

soveV,  shovel  \nrT 

spar,  be  sparing 


spin,  spin 

sprue ,  sprinkle 

sranTc',  cupboard 

sraub',  screw 

staV,  steel 

stat'.  State 

5^t/?',  log  of  wood 

steV,  steal 

l/of,  stuff,  tissue 

Hon,  stone 

s/op',  stop  up 

strump',  stocking 

stup,  step  (ladder,  stair- 

.  way) 

5w',  shoe 

suld',  owe 

sw?ir',  shoulder  .  f 

suf,  shoot  out  (corn,  &c.)  /^<ncx  Sc^ 

sveV,  swell  ^ 

51; tf  ^  sweat 


tahah',  tobacco 
tahel',  list 
^a&r,  table 
tdbuV,  plank,  board 
tag' ,  day 
tajlor,  tailor 
/a^s',  estimate 
/a/i',  waist 
talp,  mole  (animal) 
tamhur',  drum 
tamen,  however 
tapet',  tapestry 


68 


ESPERANTO    AT    A    GLANCE 


tapis ,  carpet 

tas',  cup   (tea) 

taug' ,  be  fit  for 

tavol',  layer 

te,  tea 

ted\  tedious 

teg\  cover  ( furniture,  &c. ) 

iegment' ,  roof 

teks,  weave 

ieler'y  plate 

temp',  time 

tempi',  temple  (anat.) 

ten,  hold,  grasp 

tend' ,  tent 

tent' ,  tempt 

ter,  earth 

tern,  sneeze 

terur,  terror 

testud',  tortoise 

tetr,  grouse 

tia,  such  a 

tial,  therefore 

tiam,  then 

tie,  there 

tiel,  thus,  so 

tikV,  tickle 

till ,  lime-tree 

tim',  fear 

^tne',  moth 
.^^  h'nf,  clink  of  glasses 
'"     tio,  that  (thing) 

tiom,  so  much 

^tV,  draw,  pull 

titoV,  title 

^m^  that 


toV,  linen 

^o/er',  tolerate 

tomh',  tomb,  grave 

;^on^',  clip,  shear 

tondr,  thunder 

tord',  wind,  twist 

torf',  peat 

<or7i',  turn   (lathe) 

tornistr ,  knapsack 

tort',  tart 

^ra,  through 

trah',  beam  (of  wood) 

traduk',  translate  ^  'y. 

/raf ,  attain  one's  object,  w*'  < 

trajt',  feature       /xw^^'i/C-^. 

trakt',  transact  "^iz^t^f^jj^ 

tranc,  cut  ^ 

trankviV,  quiet 

^raws,  across 

^re^  very 

trem',  tremble 

tremp,  to  dip 

^ren',  drag,  trail 

trezor  ,  treasure 

^H,  three 

trink' ,  drink 

tritik',  wheat 

tro,  too   (much) 

tromp,  deceive 

trotuar,  sidewalk 

trov,  find  ^ 

tru,  hole  ,    ^     /    H 

trud',  force  upon  (/MnMdJL^  ^* 

trunk' ,  trunk,   stem       ^  . 

tuh',  tube,  pipe  jj^  hXj^'^ 


ESPERANTO    AT   A   GLANCE 


69 


tuher',  bulb 
tuf,  tuft 
tuj,  immediately 
tu¥y  cloth 
tur\  tower 
turd',  thrush 
turment',  torment 
turn',  turn  (v.  a.) 
tu^',  cough 
tus,  touch 
tuf,  whole,  quite 


U 

u,  e.  imperative 

uf,  d.  containing 

uV,  d.  remarkable  for 

um',  indef.   suffix 

umbilik',  navel 

ung,  nail   (finger) 

unu,  one 

urV,  town 

urs,  bear  (animal) 

urtih',  nettle 

u^',  e.  of  conditional 

uter',  womb 

util',  useful 

uz',  use 


vag ,  roam 
vaks',  wax 
i;ar,  valley 


valor',  be  worth 

-yaw',  vain,  needless 

vang',  cheek 

i;ani',   vain,   futile 

vapor,  steam 

far&',  to  recruit 

varioV,  smallpox 

varm',  warm 

mrf ,  to  nurse  (child) 

vast',  wide,  vast 

vaz',  vase 

i;e;V,  vein 

vek',  wake,  arouse 

t;er,  sail   (subst.) 

velk',  fade 

velur,  velvet 

I'e/i',  come 

vend',  sell 

vendred',  Friday 

venen,  poison 

t'en^',  vengeance 

venh',  conquer 

vent',  wind 

ventoV,  to  air 

ventr ,  belly 

-yer',  true 

i;er^',  green 

fer^',      rod,      -i      whip, 

switch 
i;erA;',  work  (literary) 
verm',  worm 

-yers',  verse  ^  ,      ,    /     O 
i;er5',  pour  Ju^j^UA>d^.  "^^ 
veruk',  wart 
t;e5jp',  wasp 


"Za^Ua- 


^0 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


vesper,  evening 
vespert\  bat 
vest\  to  clothe 
vest',  waistcoat 
vet',  bet,  wager 
veter',  weather 
vetur,  go  (by  vehicle) 
vezik',  bladder 
vi,  you 

viand',  meat,  flesh 
vie,  row,  rank,  turn 
vid',  see 
vidv',  widower 
vigl',  alert 
vilag',  village 
vin,  wine 
vinagr,  vinegar 
vintr,  winter 
viol',  violet 
violon',  violin 
vip,  whip 
vir',  man,  male 
virg',  virginal 
virt',  virtue 
vis,  wipe 


vitr,  glass  (substance) 

viv',  live 

vizag,  face 

i;t2;if ,  visit,  call  on 

t;oc',  voice 

voj',  way,  road 

vojag,  voyage 

vok' ,  call 

i;or,  wish,  will 

volont',  willingly 

volv ,  wrap  around,  roll 

i^om ,  vomit 
vort',  word 
i;osf ,  tail 
vuaV,  veil 
i^wZ;?',  fox 
vultur,  vulture 
vund',  wound 


zon,  girdle 

zorg',  care  for 

2t^m',  to  buzz    /JiuAASS 


•  SHOET  YOCABULAEY 

ENGLISH — ESPERANTO 

The  words  contained  in  this  vocabulary  are 
sufficient  for  most  ordinary  purposes.  Although 
they  seem  few,  it  must  be  remembered  that  from 
these  many  other  words  may  be  easily  formed  by 
means  of  suffixes  and  grammatical  endings.  For 
instance,  although  "beautiful"  is  found  in  the 
vocabulary,  both  "ugly"  and  "beauty"  are  want- 
ing. However,  any  one  can  form  these  words: 
malbela,  ugly;  heleco,  beauty.  Other  examples 
are:  mal-san-ul-o  (an  invalid)  from  san' 
(healthy) ;  antau-vid-i  (to  foresee) ;  and  mal- 
help'i  (to  hinder)  from  helpi  (to  help).  Fur- 
thermore, it  has  not  been  considered  necessary  to 
include  such  international  words  as  "locomotive," 
"telephone,"  etc.  These  are  the  same  in  Esperanto 
as  in  English;  but  of  course  they  must  be  spelled 
phonetically:  loJcomotivo,  telefono,  etc. 

Only  words  with  the  sign  *  are  invariable. 
across,  *trans 


about,  *pri,  *cirkaii 
above,  *super 
accompany,  akompani 
according  to,  *lau 
account,  kalkulo 
accurate,  akurata 
accustom,  kutimigi 
acid,  acido 
acquire,  akiri 


act,  agi 

actual,  efektiva 

add,  aldoni 

address    (a  letter),  adresi 

adept,  adepto 

adieu,  *adiaii 

administer,  administri 

admire,  admiri 

adore,  adori 

advertise,  anonci 


71 


12 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


affair,  afero 
after,  *post 
again,  re 
against,  *kontrau 
age,  ago 

agreeable,  agrabla 
agree,  konsenti 
ah!  *ha! 
aim,  cell 

air  (subst.),  aero 
air  (vb.),  aerumi 
album,  albumo 
all,  *cio,  *ciuj 
allow,  permesi 
almost,  *preskau 
alms,  almozo 
alone,  sola 
alphabet,  alfabeto 
already,  *jam 
also,  *ankau 
although,  *kvankam 
always,  *ciam 
among,  *inter 
amu^e,  amuzi 
anchor,  ankro 
ancient,  antikva 
and,  *kaj 
angel,  angelo 
anger,  kolero 
angle,  angulo 
annoy,  enuigi 
answer,  respond! 
ant,  formiko 
anxiety,  maltrankvilo 
any,  *ia,  *m 


anyhow,  *iel 

any  one,  *iu 

any  one's,  *ies 

anything,  *io 

anytime,  *iam 

anywhere,  *ie 

appear,  aperi 

apple,  pomo 

apricot,  abrikoto 

argue,  disputi 

argument,  argumento 

arm,  brako 

around,  *cirkau 

arouse,  veki 

arrange,  arangi 

art,  arto 

as,  *kiel 

ash,  cindro 

ask,  demand! 

ass,  azeno 

assist,  help! 

at,  *en,  *ce,  *apud 

at  least,  *almenau 

attack,  atak! 

attain,  a  ting! 

attempt,  prov! 

attentive,  atenta 

attest,  atesti 

author,  aiitoro 

authority  i    raj  to,    autor!- 

tato 
average,  meznombro 
avoid,  evit! 
await,  atend! 
awake,  vek! 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


IS 


away. 


'for 


axis,  akso 


B 


"bachelor,  fraiilo 

hack  (subst.),  dorso 

hack  (adv.),  re- 

hag,  sako 

taggage,  pakajo 

lyake,  baki 

halance,  balanci 

hank,  banko 

haptise,  bapti 

har,  bari 

hare,  nuda 

hark  (of  dog),  bojo 

hark  (of  tree),  selo 

harley,  hordeo 

harrel,  barelo 

hasket,  korbo 

hath,  banc 

hattle,  batalo 

he,  esti 

heah,  beko 

heam  (of  sun),  radio 

heam  (of  wood),  trabo 

hean,  fabo 

hear  (subst),  urso 

hear  (vb.),  porti,  toleri 

hear   (to  produce),  pro- 

dukti 
heard,  barbo 
heast,  besto 


heat,  bati 

heautiful,  bela 

he  come,  farigi 

&e<i,  lito 

&ee^  abelo 

heech,  fago 

&eer^  biero 

before,  *antau 

&e^^^  peti 

begin,  komenci 

behind,  *post 

behold,  rigardi 

believe,  kredi 

&eZ?i/^  ventro 

belong,  aparteni 

bench,  benko 

bend  (v.  a.),  fleksi 

bend  (v.  n.),  klini 

beneath,  *sub 

&err?/,  bero 

beside,  *preter,  *ekster 

bet,  veti 

hetroth,  fiancigi 

between,  *inter 

bicycle,  biciklo 

bind,  ligi 

bind  (books),  bindi 

bird,  birdo 

biscuit,  biskvito 

bite,  mordi 

black,  nigra 

blame,  mallaiidi  •     /^ 

bleat,  bleki^  ^^ a/»u^»>^^^f:J:^. 

&/e5s^  beni 

&  /{w^Z  ( ad j . ) ,  blinda 


14 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


bloody  sango 

blow  (vb.),  blovi 

blue,  blua 

body,  korpo 

boil  (vb.),  boli 

bone,  osto 

bonnet,  capelo 

book,  libro 

book-keeping,  librotenado 

boot,  boto 

bore  (vb.),  bori 

borrow,  prunte  preni 

both,  *ainbau 

bottle,  botelo 

bottom,  fundo 

boundary,  limo 

bouquet,  bukedo 

bourse,  borso 

box   (subst.),  kesto,   ska- 

tolo 
box  (vb.),  bati,  pugni 
boy,  knabo 
brain,  cerbo 
branch,  branco 
bread,  pano 
break,  rompi 
breast,  brusto 
breathe,  spiri 
brick,  briko 
bridge,  ponto 
bright,  brila 
broad,  larga 
brother,  frato 
brown,  bnina 
brushy  brosi 


bucket,  sitelo 
buffet,  bufedo 
&m?<^,  konstrui 
&2^Z&,  bulbo 
&i^ZZ,  virbovo 
bullet,  kuglo 
bureau,  oficejo 
&2/r7i  (v.  n.),  bruli 
&i^rfi  (v.  a.),  bruligi 
6w^^  *sed 
butter,  butero 
butterfly,  papilio 
button,  butono 
buy,  aceti 
by,  *per,  *apud 


cabbage,  brasiko 
cabin,  kajuto 
cage,  kago 
cake,  kuko 
calculate,  kalkuli 
call,  voki 
camel,  kamelo 
can  (subst),  kruco 
can  (vb.),  povi 
candle,  kandelo 
candy,  bombono 
cane,  kano 
capable,  kapabla 
car  (railroad),  vagono 
carafe,  karafo 
card,  karto 
care,  zorgi 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


15 


caress,  karesi 
carpenter,  carpento 
carpet,  tapiso 
carriage,  kaleso 
carrot,  karoto 
case,  skatolo 
cash,  kaso 
cast  (metals),  fandi 
cast  (throw),  Jeti 
castle,  kastelo 
cat,  kato 
catch,  kapti 
cause,  kaiizi 
cave,  kavo 
cavern,  kaverno 
cease,  cesi,  halti 
ceiling,  plafono 
cellar,  kelo 
cement,  cemento 
certain,  certa 
chagrin,  cagreno 
_A-       chain,  ceno 
^     '•      chamber,  cambro 

f        change,  sangi 
chapter,  capitro 
charm,  carmi 
chase,  casi 
chatter,  babili 
cheat,  trompi 
cheeh,  vango 
cheese,  fromago 
chemise,  cemizo 
chemistry,  hemic 
cheque,  ceko 
cherry,  cerizo 


chess,  sakoj 
chew,  maci 
chief,  cefo,  estro 
c/tt76?^  infano 
chin,  mentono 
chocolate,  cokolado 
choose,  elekti 
cigar,  cigaro 
cigarette,  cigaredo 
cinder,  cindro 
circumstance,    c  i  r  k  o  n- 

stanco 
claim,  postuli 
clamp  (bracket),  krampo 
clay,  argilo 
clean,  pura 
clear,  klara 
clerk,  komizo 
clever,  lerta 
clock,  horlogo 
cloth  (a),  tuko 
cloth  (goods),  drapo 
clothe,  vesti 
cloud,  nubo 
club,  klubo 
coaZ^  karbo 
coal-oil,  petrolo 
coast,  bordo 
coffee,  kafo 
coffin,  cerko 
collar,  kolumo 
collect,  kolekti 
colour,  koloro 
column,  kolono 
comh,  kombi 


76 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


come,  veni 
comma,  komo 
command,  ordoni 
commerce,  komerco 
commission,  komisio 
committee,  komitato 
common,  komuna,  ordi- 

nara 
communicate,  komuniki 
companion,  kolego 
compare,  kompari 
compassion,  kompato 
complain,  plendi 
conceal,  kasi 
concerning,  *pri 
conclude,  konkludi 
condition,  kondico 
conduct,  konduto 
conduct  (vb.),  konduki 
confess,  konfesi 
confide,  konfidi 
confuse,  konfuzi 
congratulate,  gratuli 
conquer,    venki,    subreg- 

nigi 
conscience,  konscienco 
conscious,  konscia 
consent,  konsenti 
console,  konsoli 
constant,  konstanta 
construct,  konstrui 
content,  kontenta 
contents  (subst.),  enhavo 
continue,  daiiri 
contract,  kontrakti 


convenient,  oportuna 
convince,  konvinki 
coolc,  kniri 
copper,  knpro 
copy,  kopio 
corh,  korko 
corn,  greno 
corner,  angulo 
correct,  korekti 
correspond,  korespondi 
cost,  kosti 
cotton,  kotono 
cough,  tusi 
count,  kalkuli 
counter,  kontoro 
country,  lando 
cousin,  kuzo 
cover,  kovri 
covetous,  avara 
crafty,  ruza 
cravat,  kravato 
crawl,  rampi 
cream,  kremo 
create,  krei 
crime,  krimo 
cross   (subst.),  kmco 
crowd,  amaso 
crown,  kroni 
cruel,  kruela 
crumple,  cifi 
cry,  krii 

cry  (of  beasts),  bleki 
cuff,  manumo 
cup,  taso 
cupboard,  sranko 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


11 


curtain,  kurteno 
curved,  kurba 
cushion,  kuseno 
custom,  kutimo 
cut,  tranci 


damage,  difekto 
dance,  danci 
danger,  dangero 
day,  tago 
deaf,  surda 
dear,  kara 
deceive,  trompi 
decide,  decidi 
deck,  ferdeko 
dedicate,  dedici 
deep,  profunda 
deer,  cervo 
defend,  defend! 
define,  difini 
deformed,  kripla 
demand,  postuli 
denounce,  denunci 
dense,  densa 
department,  fako 
depict,  pentri,  figuri 
desert,  dezerto 
desert  (verb),  forlasi 
deserve,  merit! 
design,  desegni 
desire,  dez!r! 
destroy,  detrui 


detail,  detalo 
devil,  d!ablo 
dew,  roso 

diameter,  d!ametro 
diamond,  d!amanto 
die,  mort! 
dig,  fos! 

diligent,  d!l!genta 
direct,  d!rekt! 
disappoint,  cagren! 
discharge   (pour  out), 

sut! 
discount,       d  !  s  k  o  n  t  o, 

rabato 
dish,  plado 
dispute,  disputi 
distract,  distr! 
distribution,  d!sdono 
diverse,  d! versa 
divide,  d!v!d! 
divine  (vb.)^  d!ven! 
do,  far! 
dog,  hundo 
doll,  pupo 
dollar,  dolaro 
door,  pordo 
dot,  punkto 
doubt,  dub! 
dough,  pasto 
dove,  kolombo 
draw  (out),  t!ri 
draw  (along),  tr en! 
draw  (pictures),  pentri 
drawers    (chest   of),   ko- 

modo 


18 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


dream,  songi 
drink,  trinki 
drop,  guto 
drown,  droni 
drug,  drogo 
drum,  tamburo 
dry,  seka 
duck,  anaso 
dumb,  muta 
iZi^^^,  polvo 
duty,  devo 


eac^^  *cia,  *ciu 
eagle,  agio 
6ar^  orelo 
earZi/,  frua 
earth,  tero 
605^^  oriento 
Easter,  pasko 
eas?/^  facila 
ea^^  mangi 
ecstasy,  ravo 
ecZ^e,  rando 
editor,  redaktoro 
educate,  eduki 
e^ec^,  efiki 
egg,  ovo 
ei(7/i^^  *ok 
elastic,  elasta 
elbow,  kubuto 
elect,  elekti 
elephant,  elefanto 
embarrass,  geni 


embrace,  cirkaiipreni 
eminent,  eminenta 
enceinte,  graveda 
end,  fini 
endeavour,  peni 
endure,  toleri,  suferi 
engage,  rizervi,  promesi 
engineer,  ingeniero 
enough,  sufica 
entice,  logi 
envelope,  koverto 
envy,  envio 
epoch,  epoko 
egi/aZ,  egala 
error,  eraro 
especially,  precipe 
establish,  fondi 
esteem,  estimi 
eternal,  eterna 
even  (adj.),  ebena 
even  (adv.),  *ec 
evening,  vespero 
every,  *cia 
every  one,  *cm 
everything,  *cio 
everywhere,  *cie 
examine,  ekzameni 
example,  ekzeihplo 
except,  escepti 
exchange  (bill  of),  kam- 

bio 
execute,  ekzekuti 
exercise,  ekzerco 
exhibition,  ekspozicio 
exist,  ekzisti 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


V9 


expedite,  ekspedi 
expel,  peli 
expend,  elspezi 
expert,  sperta 
explode,  eksplodi 
explore,  esplori 
express,  esprimi 
extinguish,  estingi 
extreme,  ekstrema 
eye,  okulo 
eyelid,  palpebro 

F 

fahle,  fablo 

face,  vizago 

fade,  velki 

faint,  sveni 

fair  (subst.),  foiro 

faithful,  fidela 

falcon,  falko 

fall  (of  year),  autuno 

fall  (vb.),  fall 

false,  falsa 

family,  familio 

fan,  ventumilo 

fancy,  revo 

fashion,  modo 

fast  (adj.),  rapida 

fast  (vb.),  fasti 

fat,  grasa 

fate,  sorto 

father,  patro 

fault,  kiilpo 

favour,  favori 


fear,  timi 
/efl^s^^  festi 
feel  (v.  a.),  palpi 
/ee?  (v.  n.),  senti 
felt,  felto 
fever,  febro 
^e/^^  kampo 
^^.  figo 
^^/^^^  batali 
/iZfer^  filtri 
find,  trovi 
finger,  fingro 
finish,  fini 
/?r^  abio 
^re^  fajro 
firm,  firma 
^s/i^  fiso 
^s^^  pugno 
five,  *kvin 
^a.^,  standardo 
fiat,  plata 
flatter,  flati 
^a:c^  lino 
fleece,  felo 
^owr^  faruno 
^ow^  flui 
flower,  floro 
^w^^  laimge 
/^-wit?^  fluajo 
^i^^e^  fluto 
fly  (vb.),  flugi  ^ 
/?!/  (subst.),  nrnso 
foam,  saiimo 
fog,  nebulo 
fold,  faldi 


80 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


follow,  sekvi 

foot,  piedo 

for,  *por,  *pro,  *car 

forehead,  frunto 

foreign,  fremda 

forge,  forgi 

forget,  forgesi 

forget-me-not,  miozoto 

forgive,  pardoni 

fork,  forko 

forth,  *for 

fortified,  fortika 

fortunate,  felica 

fountain,  fonto 

four,  *kvar 

fox,  vulpo 

frame,  kadro 

franc,  franko 

free,  libera 

fresh,  fresa 

Friday,  vendredo 

friend,  amiko 

fright,  teruro 

frog,  rano 

from,  *e\,  *de 

front,  fronto 

frost,  frosto 

/rwi^^  f rukto 

frying  pan,  pato 

fulfil,  plenumi 

/^ZZ^  plena 

fume     (subst),    haladzo 

funeral,  funebro 

fur,  pelto 

furious,  freneza 


furniture,  meblaro 
furrow,  sulko 


gam,  gajni 
gall,  galo 
garden,  gardeno 
garlic,  ajlo 
^as^  gaso 
gather,  kolekti 
gay,  gaja 
gentle,  gentila 
gentleman,  sinjoro 
genus,  gento 
^e^^  ricevi 
give,  doni,  donaci 
^Zass^  vitro 
glass  (a),  glaso 
^?o&e^  globo 
glory,  gloro 
^/o2;e^  ganto 
glue,  gluo 
^na^^  kulo 
^0^  iri 
goat,  kapro 
(?o^,  Dio 
gold,  oro 
p'006^^  bona 
good-hye,  *adiau 
goods,  stofo 
goose,  ansero 
grain,  greno 
^raiw  (a),  grajno 
grandfather,  avo  , 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


81 


grandson,  nepo 
grape,  vinbero 
grass,  herbo 
grasshopper,  akrido 
grease,  sebo 
great,  granda 
green,  verda 
grey,  griza 
grind,  mueli 
groan,  gemi 
grow,  kreski 
guarantee,  garantio 
guard,  gardi 
guess,  diveni 
guest,  gasto 
gulf,  golfo 
gum,  gumo 
gunpowder,  pulvo 

H 

/iai7^  hajlo 
/ifliV^  haro 
ham,  sinko 
hammer,  martelo 
hand,  mano 
handicraft,  metio 
handy,  lerta 
/lan^^  pendi 
hangings,  tapeto 
happen,  okazi 
happy,  felica 
harbour,  haveno 
hardly,     *apenaii,     mal- 
facile 


Tiare^  leporo 
/lar^^  harpo 
harrow,  erpi 
Tia^^  capelo 
/iai;e^  havi 
hay,  fojno 
/^e^  li 
/tea 6^^  kapo 
health,  sano 
/lear^  audi 
heart,  koro 
/lea^  (v.  a.),  hejti 
heaven,  cielo 
/leeZ,  kalkano 
hell,  infero 
helmet,  kasko 
/ie?p^  helpi 
hemp,  kanabo 
here,  *tie  ci 
hero,  her 00 
herring,  haringo 
hew,  haki 

/iiiZe  (subst),  hauto 
hide  (vb.),  kasi 
/it^/i^  alta 
hinge,  carniro 
hire,  dungi 
/li^^  frapi 
hoarse,  raiika 
hog,  porko 
hold,  teni 
TioZe^  truo 
/io??/^  sankta 
home,  hejmo 
honest,  honesta 


82 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


honey,  mielo 

honour,  honori 

hoof,  hufo 

hoolc,  hoko 

hope,  esperi 

horse,  cevalo 

horse-radish,  rafano 

host,  mastro 

hotel,  hotelo 

hour,  horo 

house,  domo 

how,  *kiel 

however,  *tainen,  *do 

how  much,  many,  *kioin 

humble,  humila 

humour,  humoro 

hump,  gibo 

hundred,  *cent 

hunt,  casi 

hurt,  vundi,  dolori 

hushand,  edzo 

I 

I,  mi 

ice,  glacio 
if,  *se 

illustration,  ilustrajo 
imitate,  imiti 
immediately,  *tuj 
important,  grava 
inch,  colo 
incite,  inciti 
incline,  klini 
increase,  kreski 


indeed,  *ja 
industrious,  diligent  a 
industry,  industrio 
infant,  infano 
infect,  infekti 
influence,  influi 
inherit,  heredi 
injure,  vundi,  difekti 
inlc,  inko 
inner,  interna 
insect,  insekto 
insert,  enmeti 
instead,  *anstataii 
instruct,  instrui 
insult,  insulti 
insure,  asekuri 
intend,  intenci 
interest,  interesi 
intestine,  intesto 
invite,  inviti 
iron,  fero 
iron  (vb.),  gladi 
island,  insulo 
it,  gi 
itch,  juko 
ivy,  hedero 


jaclcet,  jako 
jaw,  faiiko 
jealous,  jaluza 
jewel,  juvelo 
join,  jungi,  aligi 
joint,  artiko 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


83 


joJce,  serci 

journal,  jurnalo 

journey,  veturo 

joy,  gojo 

judge,  jugi 

jug,  kruco 

juice,  suko 

just  (adj.),  justa 

just  (adv.),  *jus,  guste 


Jceep,  konservi 

keg,  barelo 

kernel,  kerno 

kerosene,  petrolo 

kettle,  kaldrono 

key,  slosilo 

kidney,  reno 

hind  (subst),  speco 

hind  (adj.),  aminda,  afa- 

bla 
king,  rego 

kingdom,  regno,  reglando 
kiss,  kisi 
knee,  genuo 
know,  scii,  koni 


labour,  labori 
lace,  pasamento 
lake,  lago 
lame,  lama 
land,  lando 


language,  lingvo 

lantern,  lanterno 

lard,  lardo 

large,  granda 

lark,  alaudo 

last  (adj.),  lasta 

last  (vb.),  daiiri 

laugh,  ridi 

law,  lego 

lead  (subst.),  plumbo 

lead  (vb.),  konduki,  es- 

tradi 
leaf,  folio 
lean  (vb.),  apogi 
leap,  salti 
learn,  lerni 
leather,  ledo 
/eai;e  (subst.),  permeso 
leave  (vb.),  lasi 
legend,  legendo 
legume,  legomo 
lemon,  citrono 
lend,  prunte  doni 
lentil,  lento 
lesson,  leciono 
letter,  letero 
letter    (of  alphabet),  li- 

tero 
lick,  leki 
lie  (down),  kusi 
lie  (tell  a),  mensogi 
lift,  levi 

light  (subst.),  lumo 
lightning,  fulmo 
like  (vb.),  sati,  ami 


84 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


nice  (adj.),  simila  je 

lily,  lilio 

lime,  kalko 

limit,  limo 

line,  linio 

linen,  tolo 

lion,  leono 

lip,  lipo 

listen,  aiiskiilti 

live,  vivi,  logi 

liver,  hepato 

lizard,  lacerto 

lo!  *jen 

load  (a  gun),  sargi 

locJc  (subst),  seruro 

loch  (vb.),  slosi 

locomotive,  lokomotivo 

lodge,  logi 

long  (adj.),  longa 

long  (vb.),  sopiri 

lose,  perdi 

lot  (cast),  loto 

lottery,  loterio 

loud,  laiita 

lounge,  kanapo 

love,  ami 

lucifer,  alumeto 

lung,  pulmo 

M 

machine,  masino 
mad,  kolera,  freneza 
magpie,  pigo 
mail,  posto 


maize,  maizo 
majesty,  majesto 
make,  fari 
man,  homo,  viro 
manner,  maniero 
manufactory,  fabriko 
many,  multa 
maple,  acero 
marble,  marmoro 
margin,  margeno 
marsh,  marco 
mason,  masonisto 
mass,  amaso 
mast,  masto 
master,  mastro 
mat,  mato 
match,  alumeto 
mattress,  matraco 
meal,  faruno,  mangado 
means,  rimedo 
measure,  mezuri 
meat,  viando 
medicine,  kuracilo 
meet,  renkonti 
melon,  melono 
member,  membro 
memory,  memoro 
mercury,  hidrargo 
mesh,  maso 
middle,  mezo 
migrate,  migri 
mile,  mejlo 
milk  (subst.),  lakto 
milk  (vb.),  melki 
mill,  mueli 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


85 


mind,  animo,  cerbo 
mine,  mia  (poss.  pron.) 
mirror,  spegulo 
misery,  mizero 
mix,  miksi 
mixture,  miksajo 
model,  modeli 
moderate,  modera 
modest,  modesta 
molasses,  siropo 
mole,  talpo 
Monday,  lundo 
money,  mono 
monJc,  monaho 
monhey,  simio 
month,  monato 
moon,  luno 
more,  *pli 
morning,  mateno 
moss,  musko 
most,  *plej 
mountain,  monto 
mourn,  plori 
mouse,  muso 
mouth,  buso 
move,  movi 
mow,  falci 
much,  multe 
mucilage,  gumo 
mud,  koto 
mule,  mulo 
murmur,  murmuri 
must  (vb.),  devi 
mustard,  mustardo 
mutter,  murnmregi 


N 

nail,  najlo 

nail  (finger),  ungo 

naTced,  nuda 

name,  nomi 

nape,  nuko 

nation,  nacio 

nature,  naturo 

near,  proksima 

near  to  (prep.),  *apud 

necessary,  neeesa 

neclc,  kolo 

need  (vb.),  bezoni 

neigh,  bleki 

neighbour,  najbaro 

neither,  *nek 

nephew,  nevo 

wes^^  nesto 

we^,  reto 

nettle,  urtiko 

never,  *neniam 

new,  nova 

night,  nokto 

nightingale,  najtingalo 

nine,  *nau 

710^  *ne 

no&Ze^  nobla 

nohleman,  nobelo 

nohody,  *neniu 

nohow,  *neniel 

noise,  bruo 

none,  *neniom 

no  one's,  *nenies 

nor,  *nek 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


north,  nordo 
nose,  nazo 
not,  *ne 
nothing,  *iienio 
nourish,  nutri 
now,  *nun 
nowhere,  *nenie 
number,  nombro,  numero 
nut,  nukso 


oak,  kverko 

oar,  remilo 

oats,  aveno 

obey,  obei 

object,  objekto 

object,  kontraustari 

obstinate,  obstina 

obstruct,  bari 

occasion,  okazo 

occupy,  okupi 

odour,  odoro 

of,  *de,  *da 

offend,  ofendi 

offer  (sacrifice),  oferi 

ojfer    (present),  prezenti 

officiate,  agi 

often,  ofte 

oh  I  *ho ! 

oil,  oleo 

on,  *sur 

one,  *unii 

onion,  bulbo 

onZi/  (adj.),  sola 


only  (adv.),  *nur 
opinion,  opinio 
opportune,  gustatempe 
opposite,  *kontrau 
or,  *au 

orange,  orango 
order  (subst.),  ordo 
order     (vb.),    ordoni, 

raendi 
ordinary,  ordinara 
organ,  /)rgeno 
oriental,  orienta 
ornament,  ornamo 
orphan,  orfo 
other,  alia 
ought,  devi 
out,  *for 
outside,  *ekster 
oval,  ovalo 
oven,  forno 
o?;er,  *  super 
overcoat,  surtuto,   super- 

vesto 
overthrow,  renversi 
owe,  suldi 
owl,  strigo 
own  (vb.),  posedi 
own  (adj.),  propra 
ox,  bovo 
oyster,  ostro 


paci^^  paki 
page,  pago 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


87 


pail  J  sitelo 

pain,  doloro 

paint,  pentri 

pale,  pala 

palace,  palaco 

palate,  palato 

pants,  pantalono 

paper,  papero 

paradise,  paradizo 

pardon,  pardoni 

parrot,  papago 

part,  parto 

particularly,  precipe 

partridge,  perdriko 

pass,  pasi 

passion,  pasio 

pastor,  pastro 

pasture,  pasto 

patch,  fliki 

patience,  pacienco 

pause,  halti 

pavement,  pavimo 

pay,  pagi 

pea,  pizo 

peace,  paco 

peacoch,  pavo 

pear,  piro 

pearl,  perlo 

pen,  plumo 

pencil,  krajono 

penny,  penco 

people,  popolo 

pepper,  pipro 

perceive,  rimarki,  eksenti 

perfect,  perfekta 


perish,  perei 

permit,  permesi 

persecute,  persekuti 

person,  persono 

perspire,  sviti 

petticoat,  jupo 

pheasant,  fazano 

piano,  fortepiano 

pickle,  pekli 

piece,  peco 

pillar,  kolono 

pin,  pinglo 

pinch,  pinci 

pine,  pino 

pineapple,  ananaso 

pious,  pia 

pipe,  pipo,  tubo 

pitch,  peco 

pity  (vb.),  kompati 

pity  [it  is  a],  domago 

place,  loko 

plague,  pesto 

pki^^  plekti 

/>/ane  (vb.),  raboti 

plant  (vb.),  planti 

pkn^  (subst),  kreskajo 

plate,  telero 

^?ai/^  ludi 

please,  placi 

pleasure,  plezuro 

plough  (vb.),  plugi 

plum,  pruno 

pocket,  poso  ^U^rf  •" 

poin^,  punkto  A4»M44^|^»^*^^ 

poison,  veneno      ^Z/jflZO^ 


88 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


pole,  stango 

police,  police 

polish,  poluri 

polish  (for  shoes),  ciro 

poplar,  poplo 

poppy,  papavo 

porcelain,  porcelano 

possess,  posedi 

post  (mail),  posto 

pot,  poto 

pour,  versi 

powder  (gun),  pulvo 

powder  (dust),  pulvoro 

praise,  laudi 

pray,  pregi 

preach,  prediki 

precise,   preciza 

prepare,  prepari 

present   (subst.),  donaco 

present  (vb.),  prezenti 

preserve,  konservi 

press,  premi 

pretty,  beleta 

price,  kosto 

prick,  piki 

priest,  pastro 

prince,  prince 

print,  presi 

private,  privata 

prize,  prezo 

produce,  produkti 

promise,  promesi 

proper,  propra 

property,  posedajo 

propose,  proponi 


prosper,  prosperi 
protect,  gardi,  defendi 
proud,  fiera 
prove,  pruvi 
proverb,  proverbo 
prudent,  prudenta 
pull,  tiri 
pump,  pumpilo 
punish,  puni 
pure,  pura 
purple,  purpura 
pus,  puso 
pu^h,  pusi 
put,  meti 
puzzle,  enigmo 


quality,  eco 
quantity,  kvanto 
quick,  rapida 
quiet,  trankvila 
quit,  forlasi 


rabbit,  kuniklo 
race,  gento 
rag,  cifono 
rail,  relo 
railroad,  fervojo 
rain,  pluvi 
raJce,  rasti 
rapid,  rapida 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


89 


raspberry,  frambo 

rat,  rato 

rate  (at  the  —  of),  *po 

raven,  korvo 

ravish,  ravi 

ray  (of  sun),  radio 

reach,  atingi 

read,  legi 

ready,  preta 

real,  efektiva 

reap,  rikolti 

receive,  ricevi 

recognise,  rekoni 

rectangle,  rektangulo 

red,  ruga 

regard,  rigardi 

regiment,  regimento 

register  (a  letter),  reko- 

mendi 
reign,  regi 
rejoice,  goji 
relate  to,  rilati 
relation,  parenco 
remain,  resti 
remark,  rimarki 
remedy,  rimedo 
rent,  rento 
repeat,  ripeti 
repose,  ripozi 
represent,  figuri 
reproach,  riproci 
request,  peti 
require,  postuli 
resound,  sonori,  resoni 
res^  [the],  cetero 


revenge,  vengi 

reward,  rekompenci 

rhyme,  rimo 

n&,  ripo 

ribbon,  rubando 

rice,  rizo 

nc/t^  rica 

n'cZe^  rajdi 

right  (in  the),  prava 

right    (authority),  rajto 

right  (hand),  dekstra 

righteous,  justa 

ring,  ringo 

ripe,  matura 

river,  river o 

road,  vojo,  strato 

roast,  rosti 

ro&^  rabi 

roll,  ruli 

roo/^  tegmento 

rooJc,  frugilego 

room,  cambro 

rooster,  koko 

root,  radiko 

rope,  snuro 

rose,  rozo 

rotten,  putra 

round,  ronda 

row;   (rank),  vico 

row  (vb.),  remi 

rub,  froti 

rubber-shoe,  galoso 

rule,  regulo 

rum,  rumo 

run,  kuri 


90 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


sack,  sako 

sacrifice  (v.),  oferi 

sad,  malgoja 

saddle,  selo 

sail,  velo 

salad,  salato 

salmon,  salmo 

salt,  salo 

salute,  saluti 

same,  sama 

sand,  sablo 

Saturday,  sabato 

sauce,  saiico 

save,  savi 

5a m;^  segi 

sa?/,  diri 

scarcely^    *apenau,    mal- 

volonte 
science,  scienco 


r         ^  scissors,  tondilo 
fXyJ^y^^*^  scratch,  grati 


U>. 


screw,  sraubo 
sculpture,  skulpti 
sea,  maro 
seagull,  mevo 
seaZ  (animal),  foko 
seaZ  (vb.),  sigeli 
search,  serci 
season,  sezono 
sea^^  segi 
seductive,  deloga 
see,  vidi 
seem,  sajni 


seZ/^  si;  mem 

sell,  vendi 

sen^?^  sendi 

sense^  senco 

separate,  aparta 

serpent,  serpento 

serve,  servi 

set    (type),  komposti 

seven,  *sep 

severe,  severa 

sew,  kudri 

shadow,  ombro 

shaft  (of  carriage,  etc.), 

timono 
shake,  skui,  premi 
shame,  honto 
sharp,  akra 
shave,  razi 
s/ie^  *si 
5/1  ea/,  garbo 
shear,  tondi 
sheep,  safo 
5/ie//^  selo,  konko 
shield,  sildo 
shilling,  silingo 
shine,  brili 
s/ii;?^  sipo 
s/iir/^  cemizo 
s/ioe^  suo 
shoot,  pafi 
shore,  bordo 
short-sighted,  miopa 
shoulder,  sultro 
shovel,  soveli 
5/101^^  montri 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


91 


shut,  fermi 
side,  flanko 
sign,  signo 
signify,  signifi 
silent,  silenta 
silk,  silko 
silver,  argento 
similar,  simila 
simple,  simpla 
sin,  peki 
sing,  kanti 
sir,  sinjoro 
sit,  sidi 

situation,  situacio 
six,  *ses 
sTcate,  gliti 
skilful,  lerta 
skin,  haiito 
sleep,  dormi 
sleeve,  maniko 
slide,  gliti 
slippery,  glata 
smear,  smiri 
smell  (subst.),  odoro 
smell  (vb.),  flari 
smoke,  fumi 
smooth,  ebena^  glata 
snail,  limako 
sneeze,  terni 
snow,  nego 
so,  *tiel 
soap,  sapo 
so&er^  sobra 
society,  societo 
sofa,  kanapo,  sofo 


soft,  mola 

sole  (of  foot),  plando 

solve,  solvi 

5ome^  *ia,  kelka,  *iom 

somehow,  *iel 

5ome  owe^  *iu 

some  one's,  *ies 

something,  *io 

sometime,  *iam 

somewhat,  *iom,  *iel 

somewhere,  *ie 

50  much,  *tiom 

50?!^  filo 

soon^  *baldaii 

sorcery,  sorco 

sorrow,  malgojo,  cagreno 

50^?^  animo 

sound,  soni 

502^^^  supo 

south,  sudo 

sow^  semi 

sparrow,  pasero 

speak,  paroli 

special,   speciala 

s^eZ/^  silabi 

s/?ice^  spico 

spider,  araneo 

5pm^  spini 

spirit,  spirito 

spit,  kraci 

[in  —  of],   *mal- 
graii 
■,  fendi 
sponge,  sponge 
spoon,  kulero 


92 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


spot,  makulo 

spring     (time) ,    p  r  i  n  - 

tempo 
spring  (wire),  risorto 
sprinkle,  spruci 
spur,  sprono 
square   (public),  placo 
squirrel,  sciuro 
stable,  cevalejo 
stain,  makulo 
stairs,  stuparo 
stammer,  balbuti 
stamp       (metal,      etc.), 

marko 
stamp     (postage),     post- 

marko 
stand,  stari 
star,  stelo 

state  (condition),  stato 
state  (country),  stato 
station,  stacio 
steal,  steli 
steam,  Vaporo 
steel,  stalo 
step,  stupo 
stewpan,  kaserolo 
stick  (cane),  bastono 
still  (adj.),  kvieta 
still  (adv.),  *ankorau 
sting,  piki 
stocking,  strumpo 
stomach,  stomako 
stone,  stono 
stop,  cesi,  halti 
stop  up,  stopi 


store,  magazeno,  vendejo 

stork,  cikonio 

story,  rakonto 

story   (of  house),  etago 

stove,  forno 

straight,  rekta 

strange,  stranga 

strap,  rimeno 

straw,  pajlo 

strawberry,  frago 

streak,  streko 

street,  strato 

stretch  (v.  a.),  streci 

stride,  paso 

strike  (hit),  frapi 

string,  kordo   (music)] 

string,  snuro 

strive,  peni 

strong,  forta 

stuff,  stofo 

success,  sukceso 

such,  *tia 

suck,  suci 

sudden,  subita 

suffer,  suferi 

suffocate,  sufoki 

sugar,  sukero 

sulphur,  sulfuro 

summer,  somero 

sun,  suno 

Sunday,  dimanco 

supplement,  aldono 

support,  subapogi,  helpi 

suppose,  supozi 

suspect,  suspekti 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


93 


suspenders,  selko 
swallow  (bird),  hirundo 
swallow  (vb.),  gluti 
swan,  cigno 
swear,  Juri 
sweep,  balai 
swell,  sveli 
swim,  nagi 
swing,  svingi 
sword,  glavo 
syllable,  silabo 
sympathise,  kompati 


table,  tablo 

tablet,  tabuleto 

tail,  vosto 

tailor,  tajloro 

taJce,  preni 

tale,  fabelo 

tall,  alt  a 

tallow,  sebo 

^ap   (water,  etc.),  krano 

tapestry,  tapeto 

tassel,  glano 

taste,  gusti 

^fl^^  takso 

/ea^  teo    J 

teach,  instrui 

tear,  larmo 

tear  (vb.),  siri 

tedious,    teda,    malagra- 

bla 
telegraph,  telegrafi 


tell,  rakonti,  diri 

temple,  templo 

temple    (of   head),   tem- 

pio 
ten,  *dek 
territory,  teritorio 
than,  *ol 
thanh,  danki 
that   (pron.),  tiu;  tio 
that  (conj.),  *ke 
that  (rel.),  kiu,  kio 
thaw,  degeli 
the,  *la,  *1' 
the  more — the,  *iu  pli — 

des 
theatre,  teatro 
then,  *tiam 
there,  *tie 
therefore,  *tial 
they,  ill  ^ 

^/licA;,  dika  ttSt^ttJf^l-^^i^^i 

think,  pensi         ^^iL  tm  Kr 

thirst,  soifo 

^/li's^  *tiu  ci 

though,  *kvankam 

thousand,  *mil 

thread,  fadeno 

threaten,  minaci 

^/iree^  *tri 

threshold,  sojlo 

thrift,  sparo 

throat,  gorgo 

through,  *tra;  *per 

throw,  jeti 

thunder,  tondro 


fiSs? 


94 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


Thursday,  jaMo 

thus,  *tiel 

ticlcet,  bileto 

tickle,  tikli 

tie,  ligi 

time,  tempo,  fojo 

tin,  stano 

tinplate,  lado 

tired,  laca 

^0,  *al 

toad,  bufo 

to-day,  *hodiau 

together,  *kiine 

toilet,  tualeto 

/om&^  tombo 

tomorrow,  *niorgau 

tongue,  lango 

too,  *tro 

/oo^/i^    dento 

torment,   turmenti 

tortoise,  testudo 

totter,  sanceligi 

touch,  tusi 

towel,  f  isilo    ' 

tower,  turo 

;^ow7i^  iirbo 

^rac^e  (subst.),  komerco 

trade   (vb.),  komerci 

transact,  trakti 

translate,  traduki 

treaty,  kontrakto 

tree,  arbo 

tremble,  tremi 

triangle,   triangulo 

trouble,  zorgo,  peno 


true,  vera 

trumpet,  trumpeto 

/rifw^  (of  tree),  trunko 

tru^t,  konfidi 

try,  provi 

tub,  kuvo 

/i^&e,  tubo 

Tuesday,  mardo 

tulip,  tulipo 

tune    (subst),    melodio, 

aerio 
tune  (vb.),  agordi 
turkey,  meleagro 
turn,  tumi 
turn  (wood),  torni 
turnip,  rapo 
twist  (v.  a.),  tordi 
twist,  (v.  n.),  volvi 
two,  *du 
type,  tipo 

U 

wZcer^  ulcero 
umbrella,  ombrelo 
uncle,  onklo 
under,  *sub 
understand,   kompreni 
undertake,  entrepreni 
until,  *gis 
upper,  supra 
upset,  renversi 
-Mri^e^  inciti 
W5e^  uzi 
useful,  utila 
utilise,  utiligi 


^j^f^jufxjiJiii 


ESPERANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


95 


V 

wander,  vagi 

▼ 

?^an^,  bezoni 

vain  (useless),  vana 

war,  milito 

valise,  valizo 

warm,  varma 

valley,  valo 

wa5/t^  lavi 

various,  diversa 

wasp,  vespo 

vase,  vazo 

water,  akvo 

vast,  vasta 

wai;e^  ondo 

vein,  vejno 

waa;^  vakso 

velvet,  veluro 

wa^/^  vojo 

verse,  verso 

we,  *m 

vertical,  vertikala 

weary,  laca,  enua 

very,  *tre 

weather,  vetero 

vest,  vesto 

weave,  teksi 

vignette,  vinjeto 

wedge,  kojno 

village,  vilago 

Wednesday,  merkredo 

vinegar,  vinagro 

wee^^  semajno 

violet,  violo 

weep,  plori 

violet    (adj.),  violkolora 

w;ei^/i  (v.  a.),  pesi 

violin,  violono 

wei^/t  (v.  n.),  pezi 

virtue,  virto 

well  (subst),  puto 

visit,  viziti 

well  (adv.),  bone 

voice,  voco 

west,  okcidento 

volcano,  vulkano 

whale,  baleno 

volume,  volumo 

what,  *kia,  *kio 

voyage,  vojago 

wheel,  rado 

when,  *kiam 

w 

where,  *kie 

whether,  *cu 

wages,  salajro 

?(;/tt7e,  *dum 

waist,  talio 

i^;/iip,  vipo 

wait,  atendi 

whistle,  fajfi 

waZ^,  promeni,  marsi 

white,  blanka 

wall,  muro 

who,  *kiu 

walnut,  juglando 

w/toZe^  tuta 

96 


ESPEEANTO  AT  A  GLANCE 


whose,  *kies 

why,  *kial 

wich,  meco 

wide,  larga,  vasta 

widower,  vidvo 

wild,  sovaga 

will,  voli 

willow,  saliko 

wind  (vb.),  vindi,  bobe- 

numi,  streci 
wind  (subst),  vento 
window,  fenestro 
wine,  vino 
wing,  flugilo 
winter,  vintro 
wipe,  visi 
wise,  saga 
wish,  deziri 
wit,  sprite 
with,  *kun 
within,  interne 
without   (wanting),  *sen 
without     (outside),     ek- 

stere 
wolf,  lupo 
wonder,  miri 
wood   (substance),  ligno 
wool,  lano 


word,  vorto 
work,  laboro 
worJc     (of    an    author), 

verko 
world,  mondo 
worm,  vermo 
wound,  vundi 
write,  skribi 


yawn,  oscedi 
year,  jaro 
?/ea5^^  fermentilo 
yellow,  flava 
?/es,  *jes 

yesterday,  *hieraii 
yet,  *ankoraii 
yoke,  jugo 
you,  vi 
young,  juna 

Z 

zenith,  zenito 
zigzag,  zigzago 
2;mc^  zinko 
2;one,  zone 


ESPERANTO 
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